562 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



may usually be seen about the end of the first week in June, the latter about 

 June 11. The adults are thought to live on an average about three weeks. 

 Oviposition commences ten or twelve days after the adults emerge, the eggs 

 being deposited just under the skin of the cherries. They hatch in about five 

 days and the maggots become full grown in about 14 days. On leaving the 

 fruit the larvae work into the soil about an inch or go down cracks, if the 

 surface is hard, and soon change to the puparia. They then remain dormant 

 imtil the next June, when they change to flies and move about through the 

 orchard. 



Experiments in 1913 and 1914, both on large orchards and on caged trees, 

 show that the insects can be easily and cheaply controlled by poisoning the 

 adults before they can lay their eggs. " The best mixture to use is from 2 to 3 

 lbs. arsenate of lead (paste) to 40 gal. of water, sweetened with 1 gal., or nearly 

 1 gal., of cheap molasses (black strap). Arsenate of lead without the molasses 

 will probably give almost as good results. Until the pest is nearly annihilated 

 two applications should be given each year in badly infested orchards, the 

 first about June 8, or about a week before Early Richmonds begin to ripen, the 

 second application ordinarily about June 20, or about the time the Montmo- 

 rencies are showing the first symptoms of the red blush. It is well to spray 

 plum, apple, and pear trees that happen to be among or very close to the cherry 

 trees, as the flies rest and feed on their foliage also. Early varieties of cher- 

 ries should not be given the second application, as they are then too near 

 picking time. 



" Two years' treatment should free an orchard of the pest, unless fresh infesta- 

 tion comes from outside sources. . . . The cost of spraying trees 14 years of 

 age twice should not be more than 5 cts. per tree. This includes cost of mix- 

 ture, labor, and horse. . . . Close observations for two years in five orchards, 

 along with some special tests, show that bees are not attracted to the poison, 

 and that there is no danger of poisoning them if the directions given above 

 are followed." 



A bulletin by Illingworth reporting studies of these pests in New York has 

 been previously noted (E. S. R., 29, p. 55). 



The ravages, life history, weights of stages, natural enemies, and meth- 

 ods of control of the melon fly (Dacus cucurbitas), H. H. P. and H. C. Severin 

 and W. J. Hartung (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 7 (1914), No. 3, pp. 177-212, figs. 

 57). — ^A report of studies based upon observations in Hawaii in which the 

 authors consider the native home, field observations in a pumpkin patch, food 

 plants, life history, natural enemies, methods of control, etc. A report of 

 studies of this pest by Back and Pemberton has been previously noted (E. S. R., 

 32, p. 452). 



A bibliography of 11 titles is appended. 



The progress of Scymnus bipunctatus, H. S. Smith (Mo. Bui. Com. Hort. 

 Cal., 3 (lOlJf), No. 12, p. 535, fig. 1).—K colony of several thousand adults of 

 this lady beetle, reared from specimens obtained in the Philippines by the author 

 in the fall of 1913 and liberated in June, 1914, at Alhambra, is said to have 

 been found breeding by thousands on lemon trees. It is expected that it will 

 be of considerable value in controlling the citrus mealy bug (Pseudococcus citri). 



Some notes on life history of lady beetles, Miriam A. Palmer (Ann. Ent. 

 Boc. Amer., 7 (WUf), No. 3, pp. 213-238, pis. 2).— Biological notes are here pre- 

 sented on the more common coccinellids found in Colorado, namely, nippodamia 

 convergens, Coccinella 5-^otata, C. monticola, C. 9-notata, Adalia melanopleura 

 A. annectans, A. coloradensis, A. humeralis, Olla ahdominalis, H. sinuata, H. 

 parenthesis, C. sanguinea, and Scymnus sp. Special attention is paid to the 



