VETEEINARY MEDICINE. 581 



of lime, calcium liypochlorite, cresol soap solution, Ij'sol, soda and soap solution 

 were tested ou urine filtrates from diseased animals and serum (virus) filtrates. 

 After the urine or virus AA-as kept in contact with the disinfectant for specified 

 lengths of time, it was injected intramuscularly into shoats about eight weeks 

 old. 



One per cent corrosive sublimate solution was not able to destroy the virus, 

 a protein-containing fluid, with certainty by a three-day exposure. The virus 

 in the urine, however, was considerably weakened on a 15-minute exposure and 

 in one case was destroyed. Carbolic acid (5 per cent) did not affect the virus 

 in urine on a 15-minute exposure. No tests were made with the virus serum 

 because it had been previously found by Uhlenhuth and others that the virus is 

 not killed after several days of exposure. A 2 per cent antiformin solution will 

 kill the serum virus in two hours and a 5 and 10 per cent solution will kill 

 after one hour. The urinary A-irus was killed within 15 minutes by 2 per cent 

 antiformin, but with a 5 or 10-minute exposure it was still fully virulent. In 

 one-half hour exposure to a 3 per cent solution of cresol soap solution, the 

 serum virus filtrate was almost or entirely destroyed, while the urinary virus 

 was regularly destroyed in 15 minutes. Three per cent lysol solution did not 

 regularly kill the serum virus filtrate in one hour. Milk of lime, used in the 

 same proportion as virus, killed the urinary virus in 15 minutes but gave irregu- 

 lar results with the serum virus. Calcium hypochlorite (1:5 and 1:20) de- 

 stroyed the virus from both sources in 15 minutes. Virus was not killed by 

 either soda or soap solution. The findings as regards the value of G per cent 

 cresol soap solution confirmed those of Dorset reported some time ago. 



The filtered urinary virus when kept outside of the animal body is much 

 less stable than the serum virus. There are instances, however, where the 

 serum virus, a protein-containing fluid, when kept in the ice box loses its 

 virulence much sooner than the urinary virus. This may in part be due to the 

 copresence of antibodies in the sei*um. The virus in urine filtrates was de- 

 stroyed by heating to 65 and 58° C. for one hour, but heating one-half and two- 

 thirds hour at 58° did not destroy its disease-producing power for shoats. The 

 virus in both urine and serum was very labile toward putrefactive processes. 

 Five and nine-hour exposures to sunlight had no noticeable effect on the virus. 

 In the carcasses of pigs stored in a cool place the virus was still active after 

 33 days. Exposure of virus to an oxygen-free atmosphere (carbon dioxid, 

 hydrogen, or illuminating gas) in most instances did not affect the potency of 

 the virus. 



In experiments on the behavior of the virus in the body it was found that the 

 urine of a pig collected five days postinfection was capable of infecting shoats. 

 The purulent material from the skin lesions of experimentally infected shoats 

 when transferred to healthy shoats produced the disease. This as well as the 

 nasal secretion is deemed of particular importance as to contact infection. 



The development of the trachoma-like bodies was studied morphologically, 

 and scrapings from the conjunctivas of affected pigs were implanted in the con- 

 junctivas of healthy pigs and other animals, i. e., monkeys, rabbits, guinea pigs, 

 goats, dogs, horses, bovines, and an ass. In all animals, with the exception of 

 the pig, the results were negative. One hundred sound normal shoats were 

 examined for the presence of trachoma bodies. Cellular inclosures were also 

 found in 3 per cent of pigs free of hog cholera. The eye secretions as well as 

 serum virus filtrates and fresh feces from cholera hogs when smeared on the 

 conjunctivas of pigs apparently will produce the disease. 



No immunity could be produced by introducing vaseline virus ointment into 

 the conjunctival sack of pigs or by rubbing it in the skin. Ununiform results 

 were obtained by injecting virus in the ligated tail. Tests made for obtaining 



