590 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



section 2, which aims at determining the most suitable dropper to use, the posts 

 are 33 ft. apart with 3 droppers between the posts. Pattern D has wooden 

 droppers, i. e., rigid droppers; pattern E has the plain ('Anchor') No. 6 B. W. G. 

 wire droppers ; pattern F has the crimped ( ' Cyclone ' ) No. 6 B. W. G. wire 

 droppers," 



It is stated that after seven or eight years' service the fence consisting of 

 posts only was the most efficient of all, but the most costly, and that efficiency 

 decreased as the number of posts per mile decreased. The fences in which the 

 posts were 33 ft. apart proved too weak for big stocli, especially when the 

 strain imposed by wind and weather was considered. The fences with three or 

 more posts to the chain proved satisfactory. 



The most efficient dropper was found to be the wooden type, but It was also 

 the most costly. The next best was the crimped dropper, and the least efficient 

 was the straight wire dropper. 



Sections are included describing and illustrating different types of gates and 

 gateways and a cheap sheep and cattle proof fence, and instructions are given 

 for squaring a gatepost. 



In experiments with concrete fence posts made of a mixture of 1 part cement, 

 22 parts sand, and 5 parts gravel and reinforced with four pieces of No. 6 

 wire, it was found that concrete is a suitable material for fence posts in the 

 climate of New South Wales. It is estimated that where suitable gravel and 

 sand are easily obtained, concrete fence posts can be made for about 25 cts. 

 each. Concrete gateposts are said to have decided advantages over wooden 

 ones, especially in that they do not require painting to keep them in good 

 order. 



A final section by R. H. Gennys gives hints on fencing for settlers. 



Country plumbing practice, W. Hutton (Tslew Yorh: David Williams Co., 

 1914, PP- 310, figs. 229). — It is the purpose of this book " to offer some assistance 

 in designing and installing the various appliances necessary for the supply of 

 water by gravity or mechanical power and for the disposal of sewage and 

 kitchen wastes by the biological process. The maintenance of the appliances in 

 proper repair has also received consideration, and it has been the intention 

 throughout to arrange the subjects treated in a manner which would appeal to 

 the men who are most likely to require assistance — the plumbers who are called 

 upon to install or repair any of the hundred and one appliances which the 

 requirements of local conditions may entail." 



Owing to the smaller number of fixtures in country than in city buildings, it 

 is stated that the plumbing may be made much more simple. " In the design of 

 plumbing construction in various types of buildings these conditions have 

 received full consideration and the simplification of the systems of waste and 

 vent lines has been advised wherever possible." 



In addition to the strictly sanitary engineering features, the author has taken 

 up at some length the more important mechanical and structural features in- 

 volved in obtaining running water, such as pumping, power for pumping, well 

 digging, the operation of special types of water-supply systems, and plumbing 

 installations. The following chapters are included : Engines used for water- 

 supply systems ; mechanical details of gasoline engines ; sources of electric cur- 

 rent, cooling, governing, and repair of engines; setting gasoline engines and 

 pumps; hot air engines, windmills, and electric motors; steam driven pumps; 

 hydraulic rams ; selection of a water supply, determining quantity and quality, 

 filtration, relative corrosion of pipes; water suppy from wells and springs, 

 methods of raising water; distriinition of water supx)ly to buildings; water sup- 

 ply by air pressure, fire protection, sprinklers; sewage disposal from isolated 

 buildings, various methods of liquefaction, filtration and disposal ; methods of 



