182 EXPEEIMENT STATION EECOED. 



tion for that reason. It may also be suggested that the bacilli laden with 

 antibody (opsonin) were more rapidly phagocyted and scattered, but owing to 

 the resistant wax were not digested in sufficient numbers. 



"A sensitized living tubercle bacillus vaccine is not safe or practicable when 

 prepared from immune bovine serums, considering the above-mentioned results," 



Concerning the occurrence of nongas-producing- paracolon bacilli in cases 

 cf paracolon bacillosis of calves, M. Christiansen (CentU. Bakt. [etcl, 1. 

 Aht., Orig., 74 (1914), No. 5-6, pp. 474-4S1). — A nongas-producing bacillus of 

 the enteritidis subgroup closely related to the paracolon bacillus was found by 

 the author to be the cause of bacillosis in 19 calves from 10 different herds. 



What is hog cholera? K. Schern and C. Stance {Ztschr. InfelctionskranJc. 

 u. Hyg. Haustiere, 15 (1914), No. 2, pp. 101-116). — At the present time much 

 confusion prevails as to what constitutes hog cholera. In this article an en- 

 deavor is made to analyze the subject from various view points. Generally 

 speaking, it is the disease caused by a mixed infection, namely, filterable xivn^ 

 and BaciUus suipestifer. The virus is in most cases the primary cause of the 

 disease, and from a practical standpoint we could almost say "no filterable 

 virus, no hog cholera." 



The following classification is suggested: (a) Pest, the disease caused by 

 virus and B. suipestifer and other bacteria; (b) para pest, caused by B. sui- 

 pestifer and other bacteria; and (c) virus pest, the disease caused by the 

 filterable virus. 



The hog-cholera problem, K. Schern and C. H. Stance (Ztschr. InfeJc- 

 tionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 15 {1914), No. 5, pp. 341-^49). — At the outset 

 objections are raised against the use of the term shoat typhoid (Ferkel typhus), 

 in this respect the authors agreeing with Miessner. The Glasser bacillus and 

 Bacillus voldagsen belong to the pestifer group, and at the present time they 

 are of no more significance than B. suipestifer. In Iowa there are many cases 

 which at first sight might be considered cases of so-called shoat typhoid (E. S. 

 R., 32, p. 378), but on closer study one finds that the filterable virus also has a 

 hand in the infection. A clinical and pathological distinction between shoat 

 typhoid and hog cholera is difficult to make. Shoat typhoid is not a new disease 

 in pigs and belongs to the form described as parapest. See above. 



Hog cholera and its suppression in North America, K. Schern (Berlin. 

 Tierarztl. WchnscJir., 30 (1914), No. 46, pp. 756-759, figs. 2).— An abstract of 

 the article noted above. 



Preventive measures other than vaccination in combating hog cholera, 

 K. S. Mayo (Amer. Jour. Vet. Med., 9 (1914), No. 7, pp. 481-483) .—The author 

 maintains that in spite of the general and extensive use of antihog-cholera 

 serum, the animal losses from hog cholera are greater than before the intro- 

 duction of the serum treatment. He suggests that sick hogs be given a good 

 purge of salts, followed with intestinal antiseptics freely, such as sulpho- 

 carbolates, salicylic acid, naphthalin, turpentine, and carbolic acid. " The 

 hygiene and diet should be carefully regulated, as provided for the isolated 

 hogs showing no symptoms of disease. This treatment should always be given, 

 even if serum is administered. The quarters must be cleaned and disinfected 

 and all dead animals burned or buried deeply. It is not claimed that this treat- 

 ment is a siKK-ific for true hog cholera, but it is a valuable adjuvant to the 

 serum treatment for the filterable virus disease, and it is u practical, eco- 

 nomical, and successful treatment for some swine diseases that closely resemble 

 true cholera in both symptoms and post-mortem lesions. 



"A large percentage of loses from hog cholera can be prevented. A strict 

 quarantine against all transmissible swine diseases should be maintained ana 

 the general health of swiue should be preserved by clean, comfortable quarters. 



