EURAL ENGINEERING. 183 



Avoid bedding hogs with old straw that is easily broken up into a fine dust 

 that causes much irritation of the respiratory passages when inhaled. If 

 there are hog wallows, keep them as clean as possible and disinfected. A better 

 way is to have a cement wallow that can be cleaned and supplied with fresh 

 water, to which a nonpoisonous disinfectant can be added. Swine should have 

 a variety of good food, with good pasture when possible, and plenty of mineral 

 elements supplied. Above all, keep the quarters clean. . . . 



" The past three years of disaster should convince the skeptical that some- 

 thing beside antihog-cholera serum, as it has been used, is needed to control 

 swine diseases." 



Inoculation against swine fever, F. Hutyra {Dent. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 

 22 (lOl'f), ^^o. 31, pp. 4S9-Jf93; abs. in Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 30 {1914), 

 No. J,2, p. 708; Amer. Vet. Rev., Jt6 (19U), No. 2, p. i96).— The author believes 

 that hog cholera may be successfully combated by injecting serum and by 

 simultaneous inoculations. 



"A potent serum confers immunity against both experimental and natural 

 infection with the filterable swine fever virus, and indirectly against secondary 

 bacterial infections (mixed infections). Animals that are injected with serum 

 and simultaneously or shortly afterwards exposed to natural infection acquire 

 a permanent active immunity. Serum injection is therefore indicated in the 

 case of recently infected premises, and if the injections are made as soon as the 

 presence of the disease is recognized they have the effect of rapidly cuttiug 

 short the outbreak. By the simultaneous methods pigs immediately acquire an 

 active immunity which is lifelong. On previously healthy premises the simul- 

 taneous method, as a rule, causes little or no loss, but excessively severe inocu- 

 lation reactions can not be avoided. Until the inoculation reactions are passed 

 great care must be exercised to prevent the spread of the disease." 



The paratyphoid bacilli of abortion in mares, T. tan Heelsbergen (Ztschr. 

 Infektionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 16 (1914), No. 3, pp. 195-201). — A discus- 

 sion of the probable relation of the paratyphoid bacilli described by various 

 workers as the cause of abortion in mares. 



A reinvestigation of Konew's protective vaccination against the pectoral 

 form of influenza in horses, Thienel and Jager (Ztschr. Veterindrk., 26 

 (1914), No. 3, pp. 125-131; abs. in Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 30 (1914), No. 

 33, pp. 001, 602). — Konew's vaccine is directed against the disease caused by 

 the Bacillus pleuro-pneumoniw contagiosa: equorum. The horses treated by 

 the vaccine did not react except in a few instances where there were tempera- 

 ture rises of from 0.3 to 0.5 cc. The micro-organisms isolated by Konew could 

 not be found in the blood stream of animals affected with the typical form of 

 the disease. An immunity was not produced in the animals and from 45 to 

 66 per cent died from typical influenza. Horses reinfected with the disease 

 showed no improvement after being given the vaccine. It is believed that 

 good results can be obtained with Konew's vaccine only in those establish- 

 ments where the disease has been prevalent for a long time and where the 

 larger number of the horses have gone through the cycle of the infection. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



The flow of water in irrigation channels, F. C. Scobet (U. 8. Dept. Agr. 

 Bill. 194 (1915), pp. 68, pis. 20, figs. 5).— This bulletin, treating the subject 

 of the flow of water in irrigation channels, is based on extensive field tests 

 made for the purpose of determining the proper values of the retardation 

 factor in Kutter's formula under various conditions found in practice. 



