194 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Duplication in separate agricultural colleges and state universities, T. H. 

 Macbride (Trans, and Proc. Nat. Assoc. State Univs. U. S. A., 12 (1914), pp. 

 163-182). — The author reviews the beginnings of the three higher state insti- 

 tutions of education in Iowa, viz, the University of Iowa, the State Teachers 

 College, and the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, and discusses 

 the alleged duplication of work in these institutions. He inquires whether it 

 does not appear that the whole question suggested by the topic, that of duplica- 

 tion in any group of state institutions, "depends entirely upon circumstances; 

 not upon past history alone, but upon present convenience; upon the purpose 

 of the people and the community to be served ; upon what you are going to do, 

 as well as upon the resources, wealth, and ambition of the commonwealth 

 itself." 



Rural education, G. Potts {So. African Jour. Sci., 11 {1914), ^o. 3, pp. 

 57-76). — In this address before the South African Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science the author considers the problem of rural education in ele- 

 mentary and secondary schools and certain aspects of higher education which 

 bear on the problem. He calls attention to the teaching of rural subjects, such as 

 school gardening, nature study, agriculture, and the natural sciences, and the 

 extent to which they are being taught in South Africa, and concludes that the 

 main reforms needed to insure a satisfactory system of rural education in South 

 Africa are (1) "more representation for agriculture and the natural sciences 

 on the university council, (2) that the study of the natural sciences in the uni- 

 versity colleges should cease to be discouraged, (3) more departmental in- 

 structors in nature study and science in the education departments, (4) more 

 teaching of nature study, school gardening, botany, and zoology, and all on the 

 most approved lines, at the training colleges, (5) a matriculation at least as 

 liberal as the present senior certificate, especially in regard to the natural sci- 

 ences, (6) more botany and zoology in the secondary schools, and (7) more 

 nature study, both systematic and correlated, and school gardening, in the 

 primary schools." 



Report of an agricultural tour in Europe, America, and Japan during 

 1912-13, L. C. Coleman {Dept. Agr. Mysore, Gen. Ser. Bui. 4 {1914), pp. 53).— 

 This bulletin contains an account of general observations in connection with 

 institutions and organizations for the development of agriculture in Europe, 

 America, and Japan, visited by the author with the chief object of studying meth- 

 ods of agricultural education. The results of this study have been previously 

 noted (E. S. R., 31, p. 296). 



Department of rural and agricultural education {Addresses and Proc. Nat. 

 Ed. Assoc, 52 {1914), pp. 877-907 ) .—The papers presented before this depart- 

 ment of the National Education Association at its convention in St. Paul, Minn., 

 July 4-11, 1914, included the following: 



Rural demonstration schools and study-center work for rural teachers, H. H. 

 Seerley (pp. 878-881). — Accounts are given of the demonstration schools that 

 have been established in ten rural independent school districts to serve as cen- 

 ters for training teachers graduated from the special rural teacher course at 

 the State Teachers College, Cedar Falls, Iowa ; and of the teacher study centers 

 organized for the improvement of rural teachers in service. 



A beginning in rural high-school work and township supervision, Helene B. 

 Glissman (pp. 882-886).— The development of the community spirit in the past 

 five years by the Garfield Township (Iowa) High School is described. 



The use of raw materials in teaching agriculture, W. S. Welles (pp. 886-890). — 

 The author urges a discussion on teaching of agriculture through raw materials 

 and in the field for boys, using the text-book only as a source of help when 



