578 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



developed in whey is added at the rate of 1 : 1,000, and a temperature ranging 

 from 35 to 40° C. maintained for at least 24 hours. 



Blue- veined cheese, or Dorset " Vinny " (Dairy, 27 {1915), No. 318, p. 15-i).— 

 The method of making blue-veined cheese, known as Dorset Vinny, is de- 

 scribed. 



Chemical examination of ghee, K. H. Vakil (Jour. Soc. Chem. Indus., 3Jf 

 (1915), No. 7, p. 320; abs. in Analyst, 40 (1915), No. 471, p. 28//).— Fresh samples 

 of ghee, mainly from buffalo's milk, gave the following average analytical re- 

 sults : Butyrorefractometer at 40° C. 44.35, saponification value 22G.9, Reichert- 

 Meissl number 23.05, and acid value 2.14. 



Bibliography of dairy literature, compiled by A. Brosch (Mitt. Deut. 

 Milchw. Ver., 31 (1914), Oct., pp. 223-233) .—This gives a bibliography of dairy 

 literature published during a portion of 1914. 



VETERIITAEY MEDICINE. 



Epizootic abortion, S. Stockman (Jour. Coynpar. Path, and Tlier., 27 (1914), 

 No. 3, pp. 237-246). — It is stated that practically all of the domestic animals can 

 be infected with Bacillus abortus, but that bovine abortion under natural con- 

 ditions of infection is almost entirely confined to the bovine species. Although 

 an animal of the bovine species may be experimentally or naturally infected 

 with the ovine disease (vibrio of McFadyean and Stockman) it is unusual, so 

 far as experience goes, to find a large number of cases of natural infection in 

 bovine animals due to the vibrio. It appears that abortion in mares is due to 

 members of a group of micro-organisms totally different from those which 

 usually cause abortion in other species, but as yet the equine disease has not 

 been the subject of as much study as the disease in other species. 



Serum from an animal affected by Bang's bacillus will cause agglutination of 

 the bovine bacillus, but it will not agglutinate the vibrio. The same is true 

 with the other biological tests. The disease in bovines is essentially of a 

 chronic nature. "Bovine abortion assumes epizootiological characters, while 

 the ovine and equine diseases usually occur as enzootics, but this seems to arise 

 more from the trade transactions and method of breeding to which the different 

 species are subjected than from other causes. . . . 



" No great accumulation of virulent material occurs in any part of the body 

 with the exception of the pregnant uterus of an affected animal. It follows 

 from this that gross infection of pastures, stables, or cowsheds only takes place 

 just before, during the act of, or subsequent to abortion." Infective material 

 in the bovine disease may remain virulent for a period of many months outside 

 the body of the living animal, on the pastures, or in the cowsheds. The infective 

 material from the uterus of a cow is not excreted any considerable time before 

 the act of abortion. In the ewe, however, a discharge containing vibrios may 

 pass out on to the pastures from the genital organs a few days after infection, 

 and many weeks before the animal is known to be infected. How long an ani- 

 mal which has aborted may remain infective (viruleucy of the causal microbe 

 in the genital organs) has not been accurately determined. With regard to the 

 cow, a large number of animals have got rid of the infected material from the 

 genital organs from two to three months after the act of abortion. 



Artificial immunization was made on several thousand animals. When a 

 colossal dose of bacilli was injected subcutaneously into a nonpregnant animal 

 and that animal became pregnant some two months later it did not abort. 

 This finding might, however, be interpreted to mean that although bacilli may 

 still be in the body the organism has become so resistant to them that they can 

 not flourish even in the pregnant uterus. 



