FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION. 755 



stimulates the thyroid so that protein metabolism is increased, is untenable in 

 any of its particulars." 



Animal calorimetry. — IX, The influence of meat ingestion on the amino 

 acid content of blood and muscle, Mary B. Wish art {Jour. Biol. Chem., 20 

 {1915), No. 4, PP- 535-537). — A large number of feeding experiments with 

 laboratory animals (dogs) are reported which substantiate the conclusions of 

 the author that amino acids do not accumulate in the muscular tissues, but are 

 either immediately destroyed or else synthesized into new (body) protein. 



Animal calorimetry. — ^X, The rate at which ingested glycocoU and alanin 

 are metabolized, F. A. Csonka {Jour. Biol. Chem., 20 {1915), No. Jf, pp. 539- 

 554, figs. 3). — This paper reports the results of further feeding experiments 

 with phlorizinized dogs. Using the amount of extra sugar eliminated in 

 phlorizin glycosuria as an index to the rate of metabolism of amino acids, the 

 results obtained indicate that the rates of absorption of iso-glycogenic quantities 

 of glycocoll and alanin are practically identical with the rate of absorption and 

 elimination of ingested glucose. 



Animal calorimetry. — XI, An investigation into the causes of the specific 

 dynamic action of the foodstuffs, G. Lusk and J. A. Riche {Jour. Biol. Chem., 

 20 {1915), No. 4, pp. 555-617, pis. 15). — Previous experiments by the authors 

 are reviewed somewhat at length and a large amount of additional experi- 

 mental data are included, which may be briefly summarized as follows : 



"A dog, after undergoing prolonged confinement in a cage without loss of body 

 weight, manifested a marked reduction in basal metabolism, recovery from this 

 condition being brought about by exercise. After the ingestion of a cold solu- 

 tion of 70 gm. of glucose in 210 cc. of water a discrepancy was noted between 

 the heat production as measured by the direct and indirect methods, this dis- 

 crepancy extending over 3 or 4 hours after ingesting the material. The same 

 phenomenon was noted when cold water was ingested, although to a lesser 

 extent. 



"After prolonged confinement in a cage without loss of body weight, a dog 

 may manifest a marked reduction in basal metabolism. Recovery from this 

 condition is achieved through exercise. 



" Ingestion of a cold solution of 70 gra. of glucose in 210 cc. of water causes 

 a discrepancy between the measurement of heat by the direct and indirect 

 methods which may extend over 3 or 4 hours after taking the material. The 

 heat production is increased in order to replace the heat abstracted by the cold 

 solution. To a lesser extent the same phenomenon occurs when cold water is 

 ingested. This explains the disparity between heat found and calculated after 

 meat ingestion noticed in the second paper [E. S. R., 28, p. 866]. 



" Glycocoll 5.5 gm. increased metabolism 7.3 per cent at a time when alanin 

 5.5 gm. increased it 7 per cent, and when the two mixed together increased it 

 18 per cent. Therefore, when two amino acids are given together there is a 

 summation of effect. Eleven gm. of the mixed acids caused the same increase 

 in metabolism as did 50 gm. of glucose. 



" Glycocoll 20 gm., containing 42 nutritional calories, increased the metabo- 

 lism by 33.75 calories, or 33.7 per cent above the basal level ; while 10 gm., con- 

 taining 21 nutritional calories, increased metabolism by 16.7 calories, or 16.7 

 per cent. The increase is therefore proportional to the quantity ingested. The 

 extra heat production after giving glycocoll is nearly equal to the energy con- 

 tent of the glycocoll administered. 



"After giving 20 and 30 gm. of alanin the heat production rose in proportion 

 to the quantity ingested. Extra heat was produced to an extent of 53 per cent 

 of the energy content of the ingested alanin. 

 12146°— No. 8—15 5 



