640 EXPEEIMENT STATION KECORD. 



the States. The general plan of the test was to grow a permanent orchard of 

 standard trees with fillers on Doucin stock and between these trees on Paradise 

 stock. The orchards were set with 27 varieties represented by 1,193 trees. 



The results of the investigations show that the union between stock and scion 

 is poorer with Doucin and French Paradise stocks than with the French Crab. 

 Unions were better on Doucin stock than on French Paradise. French Crab 

 was the hardiest stock and French Paradise the least hardy stock. The great- 

 est weakness of the dwarfing stock for New York is the surface rooting habit, 

 in which character the two stocks can not be distinguished. The evil results 

 following surface rooting are winterkilling, uprooting the trees by wind, 

 suckering, and injury in cultivation. Dwarf trees suckered much more than 

 the standard trees. The trees on the three stocks attained the size commonly 

 ascribed to them, those on French Crab being full-sized, those on Doucin 

 medium-sized, and those on French Paradise true dwarfs. Trees on French 

 Paradise came into bearing soonest, Doucin next, and French Crab last. There 

 were no marked differences in size, color, and quality of the apples on the three 

 stocks. 



The test has not been such that safe conclusions can be drawn as to which 

 stock makes the most productive orchard. The varieties have not done equally 

 well in the three orchards, and none of the trees are yet near their maximum 

 usefulness. All things considered, however, the most satisfactory varieties on 

 dwarfs have been Mcintosh, Wealthy, and Lady. Jonathan, Esopus, Grimes, 

 Alexander, Wagener, Boiken, and Bismarck have been very satisfactory, while 

 Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, Rome, Ben Davis, Northern Spy, and Sutton 

 have not been very satisfactory on dwarfing stocks. Twenty Ounce has been 

 the most satisfactory. 



In this 10-year test no satisfactory time nor method could be found to prune 

 dwarf trees which did not promote a weak, sickly growth. This invariably 

 died back the next winter. 



The author concludes that the dwarf trees -appeal to amateur rather than to 

 professional apple growex'S, as they take less space, and therefore permit a 

 greater variety in orchard or garden and are handsomer ornamentals. 



The apple in Brittany, E. Duplessix {Trav. Set. Univ. Rennes, 10 {1911), 

 No. 2, pp. 1-41, 191-232; 11 {1912), No. 2, pp. lS-23, Jfl-Sl, 126-167; 12 {1913), 

 No. 2, pp. 1-29). — A treatise on apple growing in Brittany, including a discussion 

 of varieties, methods of propagation, orchard management, diseases, and insect 

 pests. 



Chemical and biological notes on cherry orchard soils, A. Harvey and 

 C. H. Hooper {Gard. Chron., 3. ser., 57 {1915), No. U84, pp. 308, 309).— Data 

 secured by the authors relative to the chemical and physical composition of a 

 number of cherry orchard soils indicate that neither the chemical nor mechani- 

 cal anaylsis is a good index of the value of the soil for growing cherries. A 

 favorable soil influences the actual growth of the tree but not necessarily its 

 fruiting capacity. The failure of cherry trees to fruit year after year is 

 apparently due to the lack of suitable cross pollination rather than to some 

 fault in the soil. This may be true even when there are several varieties in 

 the orchard, since they may not be good pollenizers for each other. 



Blight resistance in pears and pear stocks, F. C. Reimee {Better Fruit, 9 

 {1915), No. 12, pp. 5, 6). — In this paper the author advances the opinion that 

 • the ultimate solution of the pear blight will be the growing of resistant 

 varieties. Attention is called to a number of varieties of Pyrus communis 

 which, although of poor quality, are blight resistant and superior to the 

 Kieffer as stocks for top-working with our commercial varieties. It is recom- 



