HORTICULTURE. 735 



acteristic for the same fields with late fertilization were entirely eliminated. 

 Winter cereal fields produced at harvest time young shoots of annual weeds 

 typical for spring cereals. 



Early fertilization in the rotation, however, increased the weediness of spring 

 cereals, these being covered with annuals typical for this field with seeds which 

 were large, covered with a hard envelope, and ripened either at the time of 

 harvesting the grain or after it. Early fertilization did not crowd out the 

 seeds of such weeds nor entirely eliminate the number of perennial weeds, 

 although that of thick-stemmed weeds was decreased. 



HORTICULTURE. 



Report from the division of horticulture for the year ended March 31, 

 1914, W. T. Macotjn et al. (Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 191 Jf, pp. Jt92-510, 

 512-552, 553-557, 559, 561, 562, 566-57^, 577-580, 582-586, 588-602, 603-608, 

 614-642, 647-669, 670-682, 685, 686-692, 696, 697, 698-718, 719-725, 727-743, 

 744-748, pis. 9). — A detailed report on results secured in 1913 in the breeding 

 and cultural experiments with fruits, vegetables, forest and ornamental trees, 

 and herbaceous plants conducted at the Central Farm, Ottawa, and at the various 

 branch experimental farms and stations in Canada. A summary of these re- 

 sults has appeared previously in bulletin form (E. S. R., 32, p. 539). 



[Variety tests with vegetables], F. B. Headley (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. 

 Plant Indus., Work Truckee-Carson Expt. Farm, 1914, pp. 9, 10). — Ripening 

 dates and yields are given for varieties of tomatoes tested on the Truckee- 

 Carson farm in 1914, together with yields of onion varieties grown on a farm 

 at Fallon, Nev., in 1914. The five highest-yielding tomato varieties in the test 

 were the Perfection, Ponderosa, Globe, Acme, and Beauty. Of the onions, 

 Prizetaker, Ohio Yellow Globe, and Red Wethersfield appeared to be the most 

 desirable varieties for commercial purposes. 



Insecticides and fungicides, F. T. Shutt {Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1914, 

 pp. 123-126). — Analyses are reported of arsenate of lead, formaldehyde, pine 

 spray insecticide, worm killer, Velvas lawn sandweed killer and fertilizer, and 

 tobacco decoction. 



Orchard spraying, D. E. Lewis {Kansas Sfa. Bui. 203 {1915), pp. 5-44, fiffs. 

 15). — In this bulletin consideration is given to spray materials and machinery, 

 mixing and testing the common orchard spray solutions, the method of applying 

 each, and the acreage which each type of spray machine may be expected to 

 protect. A spraying outline is also given shov\'ing the dates and kind of material 

 to use in protecting the fruit crop from the common orchard pests. 



Some effects of pruning, root pruning, ringing, and stripping on the 

 formation of fruit buds on dwarf apple trees, A. W. Drinkaed, .Jr. {Virginia 

 Sta. Tech. Bui. 5 {1915), pp. 96-120, figs. 9; Rpts. 1913-14, pp. 96-120, figs. .9).— 

 An account is given of experiments begun in the spring of 1913 for the purpose 

 of determining the effects of root pruning, ringing, and stripping at different 

 seasons on the formation of fruit buds on apple trees. The observations and 

 results here reported cover a period of two years and include only full dwarf 

 apple trees of the English variety King of Pippins. The work has now been ex- 

 tended to include half dwarf and standard apple trees growing under a variety 

 of conditions. 



The results thus far secured with dwarf trees show that spring pruning of 

 the branches of the trees at the. time of growth resumption had a tendency to 

 discourage the formation of fruit buds, but appeared to stimulate the wood 

 growth. Summer pruning of the branches during the latter part of June, when 

 fruit buds normally begin to show differentiation, checked wood growth for the 



