576 EXPEEIMENT STATION EECORD. 



It was found that In the District of Columbia the shortest distance traveled by 

 any wagon was 10.4 miles per day and the longest was 30, the average distance 

 being 19.1 miles. The total distance covered by all the wagons was 93 times 

 the entire distance of all the streets in the District. Data from three other 

 cities are given bearing out the same results. 



While much of the waste in milk deliveries can not be prevented, because 

 there are so many dealers in each locality, it is suggested that efforts should 

 be made by the dealers to concentrate their business as much as possible so as 

 to lessen the distance traveled by the wagon for each quart of milk delivered. 

 They should try to secure a large number of customers in a small area. 



Using the Babcock test, J. M. Fuller (Oklahoma 8ta. Bui. 107 (1915), pp. 

 S-15, figs. 16). — General instructions are given. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Department of veterinary science and bacteriology, W. B. Mack (Nevada 

 Sta. Rpt. IDlJt, pp. 21-24). — A brief statement of the work of the year with 

 equine anemia, hog cholera, chicken cholera, and umbilical necrobacillosis. 



The use of suspensions of the dead virus during an outbreak of chicken 

 cholera in a flock of more than 300, of which 170 were treated, apparently 

 gave successful results, since the loss promptly ceased. An outbreak of umbili- 

 cal necrobacillosis during the lambing season in a large flock resulted in the 

 death of 1.540, or about 70 per cent of the total number. It is stated that the 

 results obtained in the use of antihog-cholera serum have been uniformly 

 successful and every outbreak promptly suppressed with insignificant losses. 

 But slight progress has been made in the work with equine anemia owing to 

 the number of cases being few. 



The detection of anthrax bacilli in the bone marrow, K, Grabert (Ztschr. 

 Infektionskrank. u. Uyg. Haustiere, 16 (1915), No. 5, pp. 324-336) .—The Foth 

 azure dye-staining method gave good results. The procedure, aside from the 

 long time required for its execution, is simple to conduct and it can be carried 

 out where the autopsy is conducted. The cultural test was found less reliable. 

 Fifty-two animals, chiefly bovines, were under examination. The bones best 

 suited for taking the marrow samples are named. 



Foot-and-mouth disease in Denmark, J. J. Dunne (Hoard's Dairyman, 50 

 (1915), No. 7, p. 190). — The author here quotes an interview had with Dr. B. 

 Bang in August, 1915, concerning the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease 

 in Danish dairy herds. 



It is stated that from November, 1914, up to August 5, 1915, the disease has 

 been detected in no less than 5,734 herds, with a total of 200,000 cov/s and 

 130,000 pigs. 



" Cows suffering from the disease go back in their milk to such an extent 

 as to entail a loss of $5 to $7.50 for each animal. If we take $6.25 as the 

 average, the loss of milk alone amounts to $1,250,000. In addition to this the 

 mortality in 1911-12 constituted I per cent for adult animals; £ per cent for 

 young stock; and over 23 per cent for calves. In 1914-15 the percentages all 

 round were higher ; 37 adult animals died at Koselitz and 100 at Brattingsborg 

 on the island of Samso. Nearly all the young hogs and many adult hogs at- 

 tacked by the disease died also. 



"The only things that help are care, caution, isolation, and regiilar disin- 

 fection. Laxity in regard to those things wiU entail still larger losses than 

 those already sustained." 



