ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 749 



A comparative study on the losses to rural industries from malarial 

 mosquitoes, J. K. Thibault, Jr. (Reprint from South. Med. Jour., 8 {1915), 

 No. 3, pp. 195, 196). — A supplement to the paper previously noted (E. S. R., 33, 

 p. 255), in which the author reports upon studies made at Scott, Ark. It is 

 stated that Anopheles quadrimaculatus was taken in every house in which 

 malarial cases were visited and that in every case a breeding place was found 

 within 50 yds. of the dwelling. Anopheles were not found breeding in either 

 foul or very muddy water. 



On the occurrence of Aedes calopus (Stegomyia fasciata) in Russia, E. J. 

 Mabzinowsky {Bid. Soc. Path. Exot., 7 (1914), No. 1, pp. 590-593; abs. in Rev. 

 Bact., 4 (1914), No. 5, p. 70). — The yellow fever mosquito is recorded by the 

 author as occurring at Batum, where the winter temperature falls to as low 

 as 6.6° C, and on the Caucasian coast, where it appears at the beginning of 

 the summer and disappears in October. It appears that this mosquito passes 

 the v.'inter in the larval stage, living larvae having been found in water at a 

 temperature of about 5°. 



Notes on two parasitic Diptera, A. B. Gahan (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 17 

 (1915), No. 1, pp. 24, 25). — The author records the parasitism of a mantid 

 (Stagmomantis Carolina) by Sarcophaga (HelicoMa) helicis, and the army 

 worm (Ueliophila unipuncta) by a tachinid, Metachceta helymus. 



Medullary spots and their cause, J. G. Geossenbacheb (Bui. Torrey Bot. 

 Club, 42 (1915), No. 4, pp. 227-239, pis. 2).— This paper I'eports upon studies 

 of cambium miners carried on in continuation of those previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 24, p. 501). 



In comparing the life history and morphologj' of the Prunus miner with 

 that of Agromyza carbonaria recorded by Nielsen " and that of A. pruinosa as 

 described by Greene (E. S. R., 30, p. 855), the author finds that it represents 

 a different species to which he gives the name A. pruni n. sp. " Tlie egg 

 stage of these cambium miners is very short, apparently less than three days, 

 while the larval stage lasts at least eleven months. The pupal stage lasts 

 perhaps about three weeks, and the flies apparently oviposit within two days 

 after emerging from the puparia." 



Observations on the length of time that fleas (Ceratophyllus fasciatus) 

 carrying Bacillus pestis in their alimentary canals are able to survive in the 

 absence of a host and retain the power to reinfect with plague, A. W. Bacot 

 (Jour. Hyg. iCambridge^ Plague Suj). 4 (1915), pp. 770-775).— " Fleas (C. 

 fasciatus) are able to carry B. pestis for periods up to 47 days in the absence 

 of any host and subsequently to infect a mouse. Infected fleas, starved for 47 

 days and then placed upon a mouse, may not infect it for a further period of 

 about 20 days. There is no reason to suppose that the positive results obtained 

 in these few experiments represent the limit of time after which infection may 

 take place, but indicate that plague infection may persist in fleas for one or two 

 months in cool weather and, subsequently, give rise to an epizootic." 



The fleas found on rats and other rodents, living in association with man, 

 and trapped in the towns, villages, and Nile boats of Upper Egypt, A. 

 Bacot, G. F. Peteie, and R. E. Todd (Jour. Hyg. [Cambridge^, 14 (1914), No. 4, 

 pp. 498-508, fig. 1). — This is a report on collections of fleas made during an 

 investigation of plague conditions in Upper Egj^pt in 1912 and 1918. 



Descriptions of Braconidae, S. A. Rohwer (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 17 (1915), 

 No. 1, pp. 55, 56). — AUodorus tomoxiw, a parasite of Tomoxia lineella at Falls 

 Church, Va., and Macrocentrus wgeriw, parasitic on (Sesia) ^geria castanece 

 at Greenville, S. C, are described as new to science. 



"Zool. Anz., 29 (1906), No. 7, pp. 221, 222. 



