862 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



been devised, it is suggested that the increase in numbers and utilization of its 

 natural enemies is worthy of consideration." 



A bibliography of 21 titles is included. 



Notes on some hymenopterous parasites bred from the pupae of Cliortopliila 

 brassicae and Acidia heraclei, J. T. Wadswoeth {Ann. Appl. Biol., 2 (1915), 

 No. 2-3, pp. 158-161). — During, the course of an investigation of the life histories 

 of parasites which attack soil insects, and particularly of the life history of a 

 staphylinid (AleocJiara bilineaia) the larvse of which attack the pupse of the 

 cabbage root fly (C brassicce), the author reared PJiygadeuon fumator, 

 Atractodes tenebricosus, and Cothonaspis (Eucoila) rapce from pupse of C. 

 brassicce, and Eemiteles crassicornis and Adelura apii from pupse of the celery 

 fly {A. heraclei). 



A simple record system for apiary inspection, W. E. Beitton (Jour. Econ. 

 Ent., 8 {1915), No. 1, pp. 121-123). — The author describes a system that has 

 been used in Connecticut. 



The spotted fever tick (Dermacentor venustus) and its control in the 

 Bitter Root Valley, Montana — a review, K.. A. Cooley {Jour. Econ. Ent., 8 

 {1915), No. 1, pp. Jfl-5Ji). — A review of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever 

 situation in Montana, including control work now under way and a summary 

 of the biology of the spotted fever tick. 



Some insect flagellates introduced into vertebrates, H. B. Fantham and 

 Annie Poetee {Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc, 18 {1915), No. 2, pp. 39-50, pi. 1). — 

 The investigations here reported have led to the following conclusions : 



" Insect flagellates, e. g., Herpetomonas jaculum from Ncpa cinerea and S. 

 ctenocephali parasitic in the dog flea, Ctenocephalus canis, can live inside 

 certain vertebrates (e. g., mouse and dog, respectively) and can multiply 

 therein. This we have shown experimentally. 



" If such flagellates be inoculated intraperitoneally or are fed by the mouth 

 in food, the flagellates can find their way into the blood stream and internal 

 organs (e. g., liver, spleen, bone marrow) of the vertebrate host. The insect 

 flagellates are pathogenic to the vertebrates experimented upon, producing 

 symptoms like those of leishmaniasis (kala-azar). The oval post-flagellate 

 forms appear to be more capable of developing in vertebrate hosts than are 

 other stages of the herpetomonad parasite of the insect. It may be expected 

 that the various leishmaniases, occurring in different parts of the world, will 

 prove to be insect-borne herpetomoniases." 



A list of 15 references is included. 



Eurther experimental researches on insect flagellates introduced into 

 vertebrates, H. B. Fantham and Annie Poetee {Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc, 

 18 {1915), No. 8, pp. 137-148). — " Herpetomoniasis can be induced in various 

 warm- and cold-blooded vertebrates when the latter are inoculated or fed with 

 herpetomonads occurring in the digestive tract of various insects. The in- 

 fection produced and the protozoal parasites found in the vertebrates resemble 

 those of human and canine leishmaniases. An infection can also be induced 

 in certain vertebrates when they are fed or inoculated with Crithidia gerridis, 

 and both flagellate and nonflagellate stages occur therein, but no transition to 

 a trypanosome was found. 



" The following Flagellata have proved pathogenic to warm-blooded mammals 

 when the latter have been fed, or inoculated subcutaneously or intraperitone- 

 ally with them: Eerpetomonas jaculum, H. stratiomyice, H. pediculi, and C. 

 gerridis. The hosts used were mice of various ages. That H. ctenocephali can 

 infect dogs has already been shown by us. H. jaculum and C. gerridis have 

 also been successfully fed or inoculated into cold-blooded hosts, namely, fishes 



