374 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



can be clearly traced in the succeeding generations. This aiiral abnormality 

 is transmitted in full accord with Mendelian principles, and is a pure dominant 

 as to the well-nicked type but heterozygous as to the slightly nicked type. 



Report of committee on legislation and legal limits for the control of 

 milk and cream, A, N, Hendekson (Ann. Rpt. Internat. Assoc. Dairy and Milk 

 Insp., 3 (1914), PP' 85-94). — In a study of the ordinances of 32 cities of a 

 population of 100,000 or more it was found that all these cities require certain 

 milk fat standards, the standard varying considerably in different parts of the 

 country. Twenty-eight of the cities require a minimum temperature standard ; 

 18 require that milk be stored and delivered in the country at the same tem- 

 perature as in the city, while 10 allow a different temperature. 



A bacterial standard is specified by ordinance in 20 cities. These standards 

 vary greatly. A separate standard in six of these cities is specified for 

 pasteurized milk, one city specifying 100,000 and five 50,000 per cubic centi- 

 meter. Of those ordinances examined 12 require that all milk sold in the 

 city be produced by animals free from tuberculosis, while four of the cities 

 require that the milk sold be produced from animals free from tuberculosis 

 or the milk pasteurized in accordance with certain regulations. 



Eleven cities are regulating pasteurization by requiring certain degrees of 

 temperature to which milk must be subjected and specifying the length of time 

 and the degree of heat to be maintained. The period of heating in all but two 

 ordinances is based upon a sliding scale of degrees of heat applied and length 

 of heating period, this scale ranging from 160° F. and 2 minutes exposure to 

 145° and 30 minutes exposure. Of the other 2 ordinances, one requires a 

 temperature of 145° for 20 minutes, the other of 145° for 30 minutes. Six 

 cities require all pasteurizing apparatus to have attached a recording thermom- 

 eter. Five cities require that pasteurized milk be delivered to the consumer 

 within a specified time, one city allowing 36 hours and the remainder 24 hours 

 within which to deliver. Eleven of the ordinances examined require all 

 pasteurized milk to be labeled. Six cities prohibit repasteurization. One city 

 requires that milk be put through a clarification process before pasteurization. 



Six cities specify a minimum score which a farm may receive and be allowed 

 to dispose of milk, one city requiring a 65 per cent score, three 60 per cent, 

 one 50 per cent, and one 40 per cent. Three of the cities are using the score 

 card adopted by the Dairy Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

 while three are using score cards presumably arranged in part by their re- 

 spective departments. Four cities specify the lowest score a milk plant may 

 receive, three taking 70 per cent as a minimum, and one 60 per cent. Seven 

 cities require sediment tests, and state in the ordinance the amount of sedi- 

 ment allowed upon a specific cotton disk. Seventeen cities prohibit the sale 

 of dipped milk. 



Eighty per cent of the ordinances in cities which have made a reduction 

 of over 40 per cent in the last two years in the death rate from diarrhea and 

 enteritis among children under two years of age are regarded as clear, explicit, 

 and in conformity with advanced methods of dairy sanitation, while only 54 

 per cent of the ordinances of cities which have made a reduction of less than 

 40 per cent in the death rate are of this kind. Twenty per cent of the cities 

 in the first group and 31 per cent of those in the second group classify their 

 milk supply. Eighty per cent of the cities in group 1 and 50 per cent in 

 group 2 have a bacterial standard for raw milk, the prevailing standard in 

 group 1 being 200,000 and in group 2 500,000. Forty per cent of the cities 

 in gi-oup 1 have a bacterial standard for pasteurized milk, and 18 per cent in 

 group 2, the prevailing standard in both being 50,000 per cubic centimeter. 



