376 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Tlie determination of bacteria in milk, S. H. Ayees (Ann. Rpt. Internat. 

 AssoG. Dairy and 2Iilk Insp., 3 (1914), PP- 137-143). 



"Utensils as a source of bacterial contamination of milk, M. J. Prucha, 

 H. A. Hakding, and H. M. Weetek (Abs. in Science, n. ser., 42 (1915), No. 1080, 

 p. 353). — In studies to determine the amount of bacterial contamination received 

 by the milk from the utensils in which it was handled between the cow and the 

 milk bottle, the utensils being carefully washed in the ordinary way, it was 

 found that where all the utensils were sterile, the milk leaving the barn con- 

 tained 2,588 bacteria per cubic centimeter and the bottled milk 3,875. Where 

 the utensils were washed and only the bottles were sterile there were increases 

 due to pails of 57,077, up to the clarifier of 15,353, due to the clarifier of 172,763, 

 due to the cooler of 19,841, and due to the bottler 247,611. 



Bottle washing costs {Cream, and Milk Plant Mo., 3 {1915), No. 12, pp. 

 31, 32). — From visits to 91 milk plants in five cities, the Dairy Division of 

 the U. S. Department of Agriculture found that the cost of labor of washing 

 bottles was on the average 1.9 cts. per 100 bottles for the automatic washing, 

 4.9 cts. for brush washing, and 9.7 cts. for hand washing. The number of bot- 

 tles washed per man per hour was 1,044, 342, and 199, and the number of 

 bottles washed per hour 4,196, 1,061, and 433 for the respective methods. 



The Grana cheese-making society, J. H. Monead {N. Y. Produce Rev. and 

 Amer. Cream., 40 {1915), No. 13, p. 546). — ^The methods of making Grana cheese 

 prescribed by this society are given. 



VETEEINARY MEDICINE. 



Animal experimentation and medical progress, W. W. Keen {Boston: 

 Hotighton Mifflin Co., 1914, pp. XXVI +312, figs. 12).— The author here reviews 

 the great advance in the knowledge of diseases of domestic animals and of 

 man and means for their prevention and cure resulting from animal experi- 

 mentation. 



The hygiene and diseases of live stock, P. Cagny and R. Goitin {Hygiene 

 et Maladies du Bdtail. Paris: J. B. Baillidre d Sons, 1915, 2. ed., pp. 528, figs. 

 ^87). — This semipopular work deals with the hygiene and diseases of the horse, 

 ass, mule, ox, goat, sheep, hog, and dog. 



Biological therapeutics, A. Eichhoen {Amer. Vet. Rev., 47 {1915), No. 2, pp. 

 214-224). — A succinct discussion of the topic. 



A chapter in applied chemistry, A. A. Boon {Pharm. Jour. [Lo^idonl, 4- ser., 

 39 {1914), No. 2670, pp. 836-838; Jour. Soc. Chem. Indus., S3 {1914), No. 24, 

 pp. 1187-1190). — A brief sketch of the manner in which the application of 

 chemical science to the alilin-dye industry has opened up the way which led 

 to the production of certain arsenicals, as salvarsan, of highly potent and thera- 

 peutic properties. 



A study of the ninhydrin reaction in relation to the age and liabits of 

 individuals, J. Takamine, Jk. {Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc, 37 {1915), No. ^, pp. 

 946-949). — Numerous tests with the blood sera of human beings and animals 

 showed the presence of a ferment which is in direct quantitative relation to 

 the age and habits of individuals. The procedure employed was Abderhalden's 

 protective ferment reaction, previously noted (E. S. R., 31, p. 278). 



Duration of the iniectiveness of virulent rinderpest blood in the water 

 leech, Hirudo boyntoni, W. H. Boynton {Philippine Bur. Agr. Bui. 29 {1914), 

 pp. 14)- — The experiments here reported have shown that the large water leech 

 (H. boyrtoni) can retain the virus of rinderpest alive in its body for at least 

 25 days in £i virulent condition. It was found that water in which leeches 



