884 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



In chemical studies of the fixation of chlorin by mud in water, it was found 

 that tliis power differed with different mud samples, but was mainlj^ dependent 

 on the concentration of the chlorid of lime solution. Large increases in the 

 amounts of chlorid of lime used only slightly increased the fixation, and in 

 greater dilutions the same quantity of mud fixed a smaller amount of chlorin 

 from the same quantity of chlorid of lime. The soluble parts of the mud were 

 as active in chlorin fixation as the insoluble parts. 



Practical irrigation and pumping, B. P. Fleming {New York: John Wiley & 

 Sons, 1915, pp. XM+226, figs. 62). — This is a semitechnical treatise on irriga- 

 tion pumping, it being the author's purpose " to consider the irrigation problem 

 chiefly from the pumping standpoint, treating of those matters which interest 

 the man considering the installation of a small pumping plant from both the 

 standpoints of design and operation." 



Beginning with estimates of the water requirements of different crops on 

 different soils and in different localities, the author takes up in turn the matter 

 of wells and well sinking; pumps and pumping machinery suitable for dif- 

 ferent depths and volumes, together with typical designs for certain assumed 

 conditions; prime movers, including a discussion of oil engines, gas pro- 

 ducers, etc. ; windmill irrigation, chiefly from the standpont of the co-relation 

 between wind velocities and pump size; the question of cost and profit in 

 pumping and a method of estimating the latter for certain conditions; and, 

 finally, the central station plant and its possibilities. 



Irrigation pumping in the coast States {Elect. World, 65 {1915), No. 22, pp. 

 1399-1408, figs. 30). — This article summarizes the progress made on the Pacific 

 coast in the use of electricity for irrigation pumping. 



Results of experiments with, machine irrigation at the Bezenchuk and 

 Kostychev experiment stations, I. Bieliaev {Selsk. Khoz. i Liesov., 245 {1914), 

 June, pp. 241-260, figs. 2). — Experiments with so-called machine irrigation in 

 arid portions of southeast Russia are reported. 



Two so-called irrigation wagons were used. The first consists of a pipe 6 

 meters long supported by two wheels which may be moved and fastened along 

 the pipe according to the crop to be irrigated. At each side of the pipe are 

 l)ranches fitted with spray nozzles. As many as fifteen such wagons may be 

 joined into one chain. The second device consists of a four-wheeled iron wagon 

 with the water pipe fastened onto a platform. It branches into three pipes 

 of smaller diameter which slant upward and are connected to a horizontal 

 pipe 14 meters long. These pipes carry five spraying lidiHiles which irrigate 

 about 200 square meters (about 2,153 square feet) from" one position of the 

 machine. 



At the Bezenchuk experiment station spring wheat and alfalfa were irrigated. 

 The wheat was given 10 and 20 irrigations of 5 mm. each at intervals of 8 

 and 4 days, respectively. The alfalfa was given 20 and 15 irrigations of 

 10 and 20 mm. of water at intervals of 4 and 6 days, respectively. 



At the Kostychev experiment station the crops irrigated were wheat, oats, 

 millet, flax, and potatoes. The first three crops received 16 and 8 irrigations at 

 intervals of 5 and 10 days, respectively, the wheat receiving 5 mm., the oats 

 10 mm., and the millet 10 and 5 mm. of water at an irrigation. The flax re- 

 ceived 16 irrigations of 10 and 5 mm. at intervals of 5 days, and the potatoes 

 16 and 8 irrigations of 10 and 5 mm. at intervals of 5 and 10 days, respectively. 



The results of the experiments were positive in all cases, but it was shown 

 that the application of small individual amounts of water (5 mm.) gave 

 negligible increases in crop even at frequent intervals, while larger amounts 

 of water (10 mm.) increased the yield of oats 22 per cent and millet 21 per cent. 



