ggg EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



A value of ■)f2g=8.02 was used in all computations. Q=discharge in cubic 

 feet per second, 7i=effectlve head in feet, and A— area, of opening in square feet. 

 Discharge tables for both conditions computed from these formulas are in- 

 cluded and a working drawing with bills of materials for the submerged orifice 

 adapted to field use is given. 



" In order tliat the results derived from this investigation, however, be put 

 into practical use it is necessary to follow instructions as to proper installa- 

 tion of the orifice head gate or erroneous results will be obtained. ... In 

 making a field installation the head gate must be installed in such a manner 

 as to provide a stilling pond above the flume. This can be best accomplished by 

 making the ditch wider at this point and the bottom of the ditch slightly below 

 grade. The orifice flume must be leveled in both directions and it should be 

 well puddled into place to prevent leakages along the sides of the flume and 

 consequent washouts. Cut-off walls are placed on the upstream end of the flume 

 and an apron placed on the downstream end to assist in preventing the under- 

 mining of the flume." 



In-igation in Nebraska, H. G. Diesem (Bien. Rpt. Bd. Irrig. Nehr., 10 

 (1913-14), pp. 24-204). — This report deals with the present status of irrigation 

 in Nebraska, discussing particularly the physical and financial condition of the 

 various irrigation enterprises in the State. 



Topographically the State is divided into three regions, namely, the loess, 

 sand hill, and high plains regions. Most of the irrigation practice occurs in the 

 high plains region. "The rainfall in the eastern half of the State is usually 

 sufficient to produce crops and irrigation is not practiced, but in the western 

 third or possibly half of the State, farming without irrigation is a hazardous 

 undertaking. Generally the direct flow during the spring and early summer 

 months of the streams located in the western part of the State greatly exceeds 

 the demand for irrigation, but in the later summer months it rapidly dimin- 

 ishes and is inadequate for the acreage now under irrigation canals. . . . 



"Approximately 2,000,000 acre-feet of water flow from the semiarid portions 

 of the State each year as follows : Hat Creek 50,000, White River 100,000, Nio- 

 brara River 500,000, Plate River, less 1,070,000 acre-feet stored in Pathfinder 

 dam, 930,000, [and] Republican River 400,000 acre-feet. . . . 



"A good water supply can be obtained in all of the valleys of the different 

 streams in the western portion of the State at depths ranging from a few feet 

 to about 40 feet. The depth of the water is fairly uniform in each valley, but 

 increases rapidly upon ascending the table lands, where it may be found to 

 vary in the same locality. . . . 



" There is no Carey Act project within the State, and with the exception of 

 the Interstate Canal, built and operated by the U. S. Reclamation Service, 

 all the canals in the State are operated under the following organizations: (1) 

 Individual or partnership ownership. (2) mutual irrigation companies, . . . 

 (3) stock companies, . . . [and] (4) irrigation districts." 



Tenth biennial report of the state board of irrigation, highways, and 

 drainage to the governor of Nebraska (Bien. Rpt. Bd. Irrig. Nebr., 10 

 (1913-14), pp. 356, pis. 34, fig. i).— This report covers the operations of the 

 board for the two years ended September 1, 1914. The section on irrigation In 

 Nebraska, by H. C. Diesem, is noted above. 



Fifth biennial report of the state engineer, J. H. Lewis (Bien. Rpt. State 

 Engin. Oreg., 5 (1913-14), PP- S8, pis. 5, figs. 16).— This report deals with the 

 activities of the state engineer's office during the biennial period ended with 

 November, 1914, which consisted, among other things, of water power and irriga- 

 tion development. 



