392 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



well-known King system of barn ventilation and the so-called Rntherford sys- 

 tem which is extensively used in the Canadian Provinces are described and 

 compared. 



In contrast to the King system, the Rutherford system allows fresh air to 

 enter at the floor and to leave at the ceiling or roof by means of flues. " The 

 total area of the outlet flues in the Rutherford system is made twice the total 

 area of the intake flues. In other words, 16 or more square inches of outtake 

 flue is allowed for each cow, and 20 or more per horse, depending on the height 

 of the flues. Thus it is figured that a good deal of the fresh air entering the 

 stable comes in around the doors, windows, etc. . . . 



" The size of outlets is of some importance ; they must be neither too small 

 nor too large. Two to 2^ sq. ft. area is about right." 



It is stated that for Canadian Northwest conditions the Rutherford system 

 has proved superior to all others. 



A plan for a small dairy house, E. Kelly and K. E. Paeks {U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Farmers' Btd. 689 (1915), pp. 4. fiff^- 4)- — This points out briefly the 

 requirements of a dairy house and outlines the construction and equipment of 

 a small dairy house 20 ft. long, 10 ft. wide, 8i ft. high in front, and 6i ft. high 

 in the rear. Some of the routine work of the dairy house is also briefly dis- 

 cussed. See also a previous article along similar lines by Webster (E. S. R., 

 19, p. 977). 



Concrete silos (Assoc. Amer. Portland Cement Manfrs. Bui. 21, rev. (1915), pp. 

 64, figs. 36). — ^This pamphlet gives general information and specific structural 

 data for use in the planning and construction of concrete silos, much of which 

 has been compiled from bulletins of this Department and the state experiment 

 stations. 



Architectural problems of the farmhouse, W. A. Etheeton (Trans. Amer. 

 Soc. Agr. Engin., 8 (1914), pp. 111-139). — ^The author discusses briefly the main 

 architectural factors making for utility, stability, and beauty in the farmhouse. 



Homemade septic tank for the disposal of farm sewage, J. W. Staek 

 (Brampton, Ont.: Dept. Agr. Peel Co. Branch, 1915, May, pp. 8, figs. 4). — A 

 brief description of a small septic tank for farm use is given in this circular. 



Remodeling' of septic tanks into ImhofC tanks eliminates odors from land 

 irrigation (Engin. Rec, 11 (1915), No. 2If, pp. 7^7, 7^8, figs. 3).— A nuisance 

 caused by the irrigation of land with septic sewage from two shallow concrete 

 septic tanks was abated by introducing the two-story feature of the Imhoff tank 

 by providing two wooden flowing-through chambers, thus largely preventing 

 septic action and subsequent unpleasant odors. The difficulty seems to have 

 been produced not so much from the odors rising directly from the tanks as 

 from the liberated sulphureted hydrogen gases released from the septicized 

 sewage after the latter had been spread out over the adjoining farms. 



Practical cold storage, M. Coopke (Chicago: Nickerson & Collins Co., 1914, 

 2. ed., pp. 802, pi. 1, figs. 273).— This is the second edition of this work (E. S. R„ 

 17, p. 920). It is stated in the preface that "since the appearance of the first 

 edition . . . comparatively few improvements and changes have been made 

 in practical applications of refrigeration, and development has been largely 

 along the lines of perfecting and improving methods and systems already intro- 

 duced. Many new applications of refrigeration have been found, and It has been 

 demonstrated that the use of refrigeration for preventing destructive deteriora- 

 tion of perishable goods, so-called, as well as the controlling of chemical and 

 other processes by supplying the low temperatures often needed, is even at the 

 present time in its infancy." 



