192 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



cooi>erative organization is men, not capital nor produce. The cooperative 

 spirit is essential, and a cooperative organization of farmers must be founded 

 upon economic necessity. Membership should be confined exclusively to pro- 

 ducers, and be governed by the principle of "one man. one vote." Success 

 depends primarily upon the loyalty and stability of its members and upon the 

 efficiency of its management. lie believes that a cooperative organization should 

 be founded on a special crop, and the locality in which it handles the product 

 should be comparatively restricted. Other principles to be observed are dis- 

 cussed, and some difficulties considered. 



Rural cooperation and cooperative marketing in Ohio, 1913, C. F. Taeusch 

 (OMo Sta. Circ. I'fl {1913), pj). 17-39).— The author describes the various 

 types of cooperative organization found within the State and points out their 

 strength and weal^nesses. Among the conclusions drawn are that the success of 

 cooperation depends upon the directness of the business relationship between the 

 producer and the consumer, and that failure has often resulted from an attempt 

 to extend the organization over too large a territory before the local organiza- 

 tion has been successfully developed. Other elements of success are a well- 

 organized sales department and a good business mauagei'. The absence of a 

 penalty clause among the cooperative concerns has caused the members to feel 

 free to sell their produce as they pleased, but the author believes that this 

 difficulty might be solved by making every patron a stockholder, so that if he 

 desertetl the cooperative company his investment would become nonproductive. 



Cooperative and community marketing- of woodlot products, F. F. Moon 

 (Proc. Soc. Amcr. Foresters, 9 (1914), No. 3, pp. 303, 309).— The author claims 

 that if the products of the small woodlot could be marketed at a good profit it 

 would serve as an effective stimulus to reforestation. He suggests as a means 

 of increasing the profit to the owner of small woodlots that there be established 

 a system of cooperative mai-keting where aid would be given to the private 

 owner from a central bureau, or a community market which may assume the 

 form of a township wood market, or a subsidized millman who would receive 

 support from a State forester in return for square dealing and liberal prices 

 for stumpage. 



The story of the growth of Elgin, C. F. Class (Hoard's Dairyman, 48 

 (1914), No. 9, pp. 224, 225, 247, figs. 4). — This article contains a historical 

 description of the growth of the dairy industry about Elgin, 111., and the func- 

 tion of the Elgin board in determining butter prices. 



A corn-belt farming system which saves harvest labor by hogging down 

 crops, J. A. Drake (U. 8. Dcpt. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 614 (1914), PP. 16, figs. 

 7). — The author outlines a system of farming whereby the harvesting of the 

 crop's Is mostly performed by swine, thereby enabling one man to care for an 

 extensive acreage in crops. The system calls for a four or five year rotation, 

 whereby the first year consists of corn to be hogged off, the second year of corn 

 to be cut and rye to be sown in the fall, the third year of rye and young clover 

 hogged off and pastured, and the fourth year of clover and timothy which are 

 hog pastured. If a fifth year is added, timothy and clover are pastured and 

 then cut for hay. 



It is claimed that by the use of this system 1 man and 3 horses, with a small 

 amount of outside help, can cultivate 100 acres, that is, 20 acres to each phase 

 in the rotation. The system demands that the swine be turned in to pasture 

 the i-ye about April 10-15, into the clover INIay 1-15, and to harvest the rye 

 about July 15, and the new corn crop about September 10. Under this system 

 the larger hogs could be fattened off and sold the latter part of August. Rye 

 and the hogging off of this crop offer a substitute for wheat, which has become 

 unprofitable on many farms in the Middle West. This system has a tendency 



