RUEAL ECOXOMICS. 



193 



to build up the soil and consen'e the fertility and bas given a satisfactory- 

 income on a number of farms. 



Some things the prospective settler should know, T. F. PIunt et al. {Cali- 

 fornia Sta. Circ. 121 (1014), PP- 64> fios. 8). — The authors have attempted to 

 set forth what the prospective settler in California may expect as to average 

 yields of crops, investment required for satisfactory income, and size of farms 

 necessai-y to obtain this income. They outline a method of estimating the 

 value of land, describe the various types of soil and climate, irrigation, the 

 farm-labor problem, and give au imaginary example to illustrate how a man, 

 who desires a certain gross income, may get started. Specialists have con- 

 tributed articles on the growing of about 16 standard crops showing the impor- 

 tant producing centers and describing the best methods of production. 



Ownership of homes {Thirteenth Census U. 8., 1 {1910), pp. 1293-1366, 

 figs. 2). — This portion of the summary of census data regarding population 

 shows the number of farm and other homes, and whether they are owned free, 

 encumbered, or rented. This infonnation is shown by geographic divisions and 

 States. The following table shows the conditions of homes in the various 

 classes : 



OicnersJiip of farm and other homes in the United States, 1890-1910. 



Agricultural conditions in Great Britain and Ireland, J. Wilson and II. 

 Wallace {Des Moines, Iowa: Dept. Agr., pp. 16). — This report is devoted 

 principally to a description of the system of tenancy in the above countries. 

 It was found that a large percentage of the land was cultivated by tenants 

 and that the leases generally ran for a long series of years. 



In England and Scotland the landlord has title to the land itself. He also 

 owns the improvements which he and his ancestors put there, but there is a 

 i-ecognition of the right of the tenant to remove at the end of his lease (without 

 damage to the interests of the landlord) any improvement he has been obliged 

 to make, and especially of his right to any fertility to the land he may have 

 made during his occupancy. Such a .«;ystem has made it to the interest of the 

 tenant to farm to the best of his ability and to the interest of the hmdlord to 

 keep the tenant as long as possible and thus conserve the fertility of the land. 



In Ireland the land became so high-priced that the Government, by a series 

 of laws, began to purchase the estates of landlords and distribute them among 

 the tenant class. These lands have been purchased at about 20 years' judicial 

 rent and the tenant has been required to pay 3^ i>er cent for 6S* years, at the 

 end of which time he and his heirs became owner of the landlord's interest. 

 About GO per cent of the land has already passed from lantUord to tenant. 



Agricultural statistics of Netherlands {Dept. Landb., Nijv. en Handel 

 [Netherlands], Yerslag. en Mcded. Dir. Landh., No. 4 {1914), pp. 134).— This 

 report contains statistical data showing the area and average production of 



