148 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



mixture was found to reduce the loss, but unless begun early and kept up 

 tbi'oufjhout the season complete protection is not be be expected. 



Among the other diseases described are bacterial wilt, mosaic disease, 

 downy mildew, blossom end rot, anthracnose, shedding blossoms, and sunburn. 



The author states that the best means of controlling most tomato diseases 

 is to keep plants in strong active growing condition. Attention to this, to- 

 gether with rotation of crops and spraying, it is said, will prevent much loss. 



Development of Cladosporium fulvum violaceum, M. Savexli (Ann. R. 

 Accitd. Agr. Torino, 56 {1913), pp. 63-66). — Reporting on a study of C. fulvum 

 violaceum as related to C. fulvwm of tomato, these two fungi being very similar 

 externally except in the coloration of the hyjihie and of the conidiophores. the 

 author states that infection occurs readily by si)ores on the upi)er leaf surface 

 in moderately warn>, moist air, the spores germinating quickly and the fungus 

 rapidly making its way among the tissues, disorganizing them and killing the 

 plant. The mycelium produces continually a vast number of secondary spores 

 ready to germinate at once under the conditions usually present in tomato 

 growing. The spores are thought to retain germinability for months in the 

 dead leaves. 



A bacterial soft rot of turnips, F. C. Harbison and W. Sadler (Proc. and 

 Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 3. scr., 7 (1913), Sect. IV, pp. 91-106, pis. 5; Ann. 

 Rpt. Quel)ec Soc. Protec. Plants [etc.], 6 (1913-14), pp. 59-12, figs. 15).— The 

 authors describe this disease of crucifers, its cultural characters, progress, and 

 effects as noted in recent studies at the bacterial laboratory at Macdonald 

 College, giving lists of i>lants attacked by the soft rot organism. This occurs 

 in both wet and dry years. The wet years 1910 and 1912 were characterized 

 by much soft rot, 40 per cent of the turnips being diseased in 1910 on farms 

 in some sections of Canada. Figures seem to indicate a lower degree of sus- 

 ceptibility of the long shaped than of the globe shaped roots. Culture seems to 

 increase the vigor and virulence of the bacterial organism. 



A bacterial disease of fruit blossom, B. T. P. Barker and O. Grove (Ann. 

 Appl. Biol., 1 (1914), No. 1, pp. 85-97; ahs. in Gard. Chron., 3. ser., 55 (1914), 

 No. 1433, p. 42O). — This is a preliminary account of the authors' studies on a 

 disease of pears, probably due to a Pseudomonas, which may also attack other 

 fruits. The appearance and progress of the disease are marked by a blackening 

 of the sepals or by spots on the floral receptacles and the extension of the dis- 

 coloration to other parts, large i>ortions sometimes being rendered sterile 

 thereby. Infection is thought to be carried by wind and by insects. 



The brown rot canker of the apple, E. S. Salmon (Gard. Chron., 3. ser., 

 56 (1914), No. 1440, p. 85, figs. 3).— Referring to his previous work (E. S. R., 

 23, p. 548) on brown rot of apples due to Sclerotinia (Monilia) fructigena, the 

 author states that outbreaks have been unusually common during the past 

 autumn and spring, the attack resulting in many cases in the formation of 

 cankers in the branches, proceeding sometimes from the fruit but perhaps 

 more frequently from the blossoms. The attack of several contiguous fruit 

 spurs I'esulted later in a canker as much as a foot in length. Several varieties 

 observed to have been attacked are named. 



Remedies recommended include the cutting out of all affected branches and 

 cankerous spots and spraying with Bordeaux mixture immediately before the 

 flower buds open. For severe cases a second spraying is prescribed, employing 

 Bordeaux mixture, or lime-sulphur wash in case of a sensitive variety. Dis- 

 eased spurs and branches are said to be dangerous not only to apple trees near, 

 but also to plums and cherries in the vicinity, spores being produced by the 

 fungus during nearly the whole year. 



