HORTICULTURE. 141 



tests were conducted for four seasons. After the seedlings had become fully 

 established they were thinned to a distance of approximately 3 in. The results 

 show that thinning has a decided influence on the size of the bulbs. Attempts to 

 grow onions without thinning resulted in the production of a high percentage 

 of undersized bulbs, except when the original stand was comparatively thin. 



Larger yields of onions were produced from sets than from seed. The sets 

 are more certain to province a paying crop than the seed, especially under un- 

 favorable weather conditions. The crop ripens earlier from sets and can usually 

 be disposed of promptly at harvest time. The chief objection to the gi'owing of 

 onions from sets is the amount of labor involved in planting. This appears to 

 be offset by the saving of expense in weeding, thinning, and tillage. The excess 

 cost of sets over seed and the increased labor of harvesting a larger crop from 

 the sets are usually more than balanced by the greater value of the crop. The 

 author concludes that for local markets at least the growing of onions from sets 

 offers greater opportunity for large profits from small areas than growing onions 

 from seed. 



Tomato variety and planting' tests, T. H. White (Maryland Sta. Bui. 180 

 (lOlJf), pp. 89-102). — In continuation of variety tests reported in 1906 (E. S. R., 

 18, p. 937) data are here given on tests which have been conducted since that 

 time. In addition to a general variety test, comparison has also been made 

 between certain varieties planted both early and late and the results are here 

 presented in tabular form and discussed. 



Tomato culture, J. F. Monroe {Maryland Sta. Bui. 180 (1914), pp. ll/f-134, 

 figs. 11). — This paper contains popular suggestions relative to the culture and 

 management of a tomato crop. 



Notes on fruit growing in the East Africa Protectorate, PI. Powell {Roy. 

 Bot. Gard. Kew, Bui. Misc. Inform., No. 8 {1914), pp. 268-273).— Notes are 

 given on the condition and behavior of a large number of fruits being tested at 

 the experiment stations in the East Africa Protectorate. 



Fruits: Their handling- and storage, J. L. Hughes {Trans. Amer. Soc. 

 Refrig. Engin., 9 {1913, pp. 203-215). — ^A paper on this subject presented before 

 the American Society of Refrigerating Engineers at their annual meeting in 

 New York, December, 1913. 



Handling apples for storage, W, J. Young (Washington Sta. Popular Bui. 

 72 (1914), pp. 8). — ^This contains popular instructions for handling apples 

 intended for storage. A list is also given of a number of varieties of apples 

 showing their customary behavior under storage conditions. 



Preparation of fruit exhibits, R. J. Barnett (Washington Sta. Popular Bui. 

 11 (1914), pp. 16, figs. 6). — A popular bulletin of information relative to 

 premium lists and rules for fruit exhibits, preparing exhibits, characteristics 

 of show fruit, transportation of show fruit, nomenclature, score cards, district 

 displays, and important points to be observed in exhibiting fruit. 



Experiments with small fruits, W. R. Ballard (Maryland Sta. Bui. 182 

 {1914), PP- 155-179, figs. 4)- — The experimental work here discussed deals chiefly 

 with variety tests of raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries, and currants. 

 Suggestions are also given for the culture of the above fruits and also for 

 grapes. 



The management of strawberry soils in the Pajaro Valley and its prob- 

 lems, C. B. LiPMAN (California Sta. Girc. 122 (1914), PP- 4)- — As a result of a 

 preliminary study of the management of strawberry soils in the Pajaro Valley 

 the author here presents a short statement relative to the present methods of 

 management and offers suggestions relative to improvements in methods of 

 soil handling. The study was made primarily to determine what ground thex-e 

 was for the rather common claim that a new crop of strawberries should not 



