118 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The obserA^ations made in Pittsburgh and surrounding districts confirm those 

 made elsewhei'e. 



The shifting of the climatic belts, A. Penck (Scot. Geogr. Mag., 30 {191Jf), 

 No. 6, pp. 281-293, fig. 1; rev. in Nature [London-^, 93 (19U), No. 2334, P- 532). — 

 " The main line of the author's argument is that certain lakes — e. g., Lake 

 Chad in the Sahara, the lakes of Mexico City, and the Titicaca basin — being 

 very slightly salt, indicate an increasing precipitation, and during the so- 

 called ' pluvial period ' were drier than at present, owing to a shifting of the 

 arid belt equatorwards." 



Climatic change, C. E. P. Brooks (Nature [Londo7i], 93 (1914), No. 2334, P- 

 532). — The author takes exception to the conclusion readied by Penck in the 

 article noted above. He takes the position that saltiness of the inland lakes 

 referred to indicates a decrease rather than an increase of precipitation, 



Climatological data for the United States by sections ( U. 8. Dept. Agr., 

 Weather Bur. Climat. Data, 1 (1914), Nos. 7, pp. 228, pis. 2, figs. 7; 8, pp. 226^ 

 pis. 2, figs. 7). — These numbers contain brief summaries and detailed tabular 

 statements of climatological data for each State for July and August, 1914, 

 respectively. 



General weather review for the locality of Storrs, Connecticut, 1912 and 

 1913, W. M. EsTEN and C. J. Mason (Connecticut Storrs Sta. Bui. 79 (1914), 

 pp. 395-410, figs. 3). — The temperature and rainfall are summarized for each 

 month and tables are given which show the monthly and annual means of 

 temperature and precipitation for 25 years, 1SS8 to 1912, and the length of the 

 growing season for 26 years, 1888 to 1913. 



The mean temperature for 25 years was 47.2° F. ; highest temperature, 99°, 

 July 3, 1911; lowest temperature. — 14°, February 7, 1910; mean rainfall, 

 44.G5 in. ; longest duration of growing season 184 days, April 18 to October 19, 

 1901; average date of last killing frost in spring. May 4; average date of first 

 killing frost in autumn, October 9 ; prevailing wind January, February, ]March, 

 April, May, August, October, November, and December, northwest ; June, July, 

 September, southwest ; for the year, northwest. 



Meteorological observations at the Massachusetts Agricultural Experi- 

 ment Station, J. E. Ostrander and R. E. McLain (Massachusetts Sta. Met. 

 Buls. 309, 310 (1914), PP- 4 each). — Summaries of observations at Amherst, 

 Mass., on pressure, temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, sunshine, cloudi- 

 ness, and casual phenomena during September and October, 1914, are presented. 

 The data are briefly discussed in general notes on the weather of each month. 



The climate of New York in relation to agriculture, W. M. Wilson ( Cornell 

 Countryman, 12 (1914), No. 2, pp. 100-108, figs. 8). — ^This article distinguishes 

 between weather and climate and enumerates the factors which control climate. 

 New York is divided into ten climatic divisions and the temperature of each of 

 these divisions is discussed with reference to the effect of water, land, and 

 elevation. Similarly the rainfall is considered with reference to elevation and 

 prevailing winds. The distribution of temperature and rainfall is shown in 

 maps and diagrams. 



The climate and weather of Australia, H. A. Hunt, G. Taylor, and E. T. 

 QUAYLE (Mclhourne: Commonicealth Bur. of Met., 1913, pp. 93, pis. 39, figs. 10; 

 ahs. in Bui. Amer. Oeogr. Soc, 46 (1914), No. 11, p. 849). — Climatic and weather 

 data for this country are summarized in detail. The mean climatic condi- 

 tions are carefully charted and explained and the characteristic weather condi- 

 tions which make up the climate are clearly and fully presented. 



