90 EXPEKIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The commission considers tlint Uie problem of marlieting farm products in 

 the city is a problem of distribution from transportation terminals. It can be 

 made efficient only by the coordination of tlie collection, transportation, and dis- 

 tribution of foodstuffs. There must be developed the type of marlcet that will 

 make for the quiclie,st receipt and disposal of goods, as such a market will en- 

 courage producers to ship to it. Shippers must be educated to the advantages 

 and needs of this market and methods employed by them to insure quick mar- 

 keting of their goods, while the buying public should learn to watch market con- 

 ditions so that it may buy more intelligently and there may be a popular demand 

 for goods when they are plentiful. The report also describes public markets in 

 American and foreign cities, and discusses transportation in its relation to retail 

 prices, waterways and cost of living, refrigeration at market centers, and the 

 grading, packing, and marketing of farm produce. 



An outline of the development of the internal commerce of the United 

 States, 1789-1900, T. W. A''an Me;tre (Thesis, Univ. Penn., 19 IS, pp. 30).— The 

 author calls attention to the fact that between 1830 and 1860 the manufacturing 

 and commercial population of the Northeast was fed largely by the farm products 

 of the Central States, while the inhabitants of the Central States drew their 

 clothing, shoes, and large quantities of other manufactured goods and general 

 mei'chandise from the Eastern States. The South relied upon the North for 

 manufactures and a considerable part of its food, while the North in turn 

 bought from the South raw materials for its cotton and sugar industries. The 

 period from 1860-1900 was one of development and exploitation. The extension 

 of the railway system permitted the constant growth of agriculture and rendered 

 accessible the mineral and forest products in which the land abounded ; cheap 

 and plentiful i"aw materials from field, mine, and forest made possible a phe- 

 nomenal increase of manufacturing. Throughout the whole paper the import- 

 ance of the development of transportation facilities in developing the agriculture 

 of the country is emphasized. 



The agricultural outlook [U. 8. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 615 (1914). pp. 

 1-17, 22-41. figs. 5). — The month of July was very unfavorable for crop growth 

 in the United States, the composite condition of all crops on August 1 being 2 

 per cent below their 10-year average, whereas on July 1 prospects were 1.4 per 

 cent above the 10-year average. There are contained in this report the usual 

 comments on the condition of the crops in the different States, and also a gen- 

 eral summary of the outlook for the 1914 foreign wheat crop. It is maintained 

 that although the wheat crop in European countries is below that of last year 

 the disturbed political conditions are enforcing, in the midst of harvest, wide- 

 spread abandonment of the fields by the male population of military age, and 

 the saving of standing wheat and other unharvested crops promises to devolve 

 largely upon female and yoi:thful labor. 



An inquiry to determine the percentage of the apples shipped in carload lots 

 indicates that 81 per cent of the apples received at the principal cities were so 

 shipped. 



The exports of durum wheat from the United States and the receipts at five 

 primary markets were nearly 2,000,000 bushels less in 1913 than in 1914. 



Statistical tables are included showing conditions for practically all the farm 

 crops, prices paid to producers of farm crops, range of prices of agricutural 

 products at market centers, and the estimated production of com, wheat, oats, 

 barley, rye, buckwheat, potatoes, flax, rice, tobacco, hay, and clover. 



The agricultural outlook (U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 620 (1914), pp. 

 39, figs. 5). — The composite condition of all crops September 1 was 2.1 per cent 



