RUBAL ENGINEERING. 87 



Sanitary engineering and agricultural engineering, P. Hansen (Thresher- 

 mciis Jicv., 2S {191.',), A^o.s. 5, pp. 7, <S, 23, figs. 2; 6, pp. 1/4-46; 7, pp. Ii0-J,2; 8, 

 pp. 45, 4G). — This article deals in a general way with water supply, plumbing, 

 and sewage disposal for rural homes. 



Water supply, L. Keopf {Maschincn Ztg., 12 {1914), t^os. 13, pp. 145-149, 

 figs. 3; 14, pp. 160-162, figs. 4)- — General information regarding water supply 

 for farmhouses, buildings, garden fountains, etc., under German conditions, and 

 cost data for pumping by gas engine, windmills, and electricity are given. 



The farm water supply, H. C. Ramsoweb {Farm Engiii., 2 {1914), ^o. 2, p. 

 32, figs. 5).^-The installation and operation of the hydraulic ram are described 

 and illustrated. 



Some notes on water supply in the rural district of Atherstone, H. J. 

 COLEBY {Surveyor, 45 {1914), ^^0. II48, pp. 91, 92; Sanit. Rec, 53 {1914), A'O. 

 1260, pp. 82, S3; abs. in Wasser u. Ahioasser, 8 {1914), ^0. 7, pp. 463, 464).— 

 The author describes the wells, machinery, and other equipment used for sup- 

 plying water to a rural district of 18,000 inhabitants and covering an area of 

 25,000 acres. The fact that one supply obtained from the Carboniferous forma- 

 tion is a failure is mentioned to show the capricious character of this formation 

 fi'om the water-supply standpoint. 



A treatise on water supplies, A. Fkiedrich {Kulturtechnischer Wasserhati. 

 Berlin, 1914, 'vol. 2, 3. rev. and enl. ed., pp. XYI+806, pis. 25, figs. 5JS).— This 

 represents the second volume, third edition, of a handbook for the use of sani- 

 tary, structural, and agricultural engineers. The main subjects covered are 

 water supplies for villages, construction of storage reservoirs, village sewers, 

 and the purification and agricultural utilization of sewage. 



A large amount of working data of an engineering nature is given regarding 

 the storage and distribution of water supplies, water and sewage purification, 

 and the judgment of water supplies, and chemical and biological processes are 

 described. ^Nluch structural data is given in graphic form and by means of 

 diagrammatic illustrations. 



Owing to the extremely variable character of sewage, its agricultural utiliza- 

 tion is considered to be closely related to both irrigation and fertilization, so 

 that its proper use will depend on its concentration, the crops grown, and the 

 character of the soil and its need for fertilizers and moisture. • In this connec- 

 tion three possible general uses ai'e given, as follows: (1) The use of concen- 

 trated sewage as a fertilizer on soil needing little additional moisture, (2) the 

 use of sewage of normal concentration on soil which, next to fertilizers, needs 

 additional moisture, and (3) the use of artificially diluted sewage on soil par- 

 ticularly in need of additional moisture. 



Water purification by ozone, G. Erlwein {Fortschr. Natunc. Forsch., 10 

 {1914), pp. 157-202, figs. 32). — The author briefly describes the properties of 

 ozone and the theory of the process of water purification by means of it, de- 

 scribes and illustrates a number of methods and typical installations, and re- 

 views the results of biological examinations of water so treated. He concludes 

 that this process destroys a greater number of bacteria than the sand filtration 

 process, particularly the cholera and tyi^hoid bacteria. The water is not im- 

 paired chemically, no bad taste remains, and coloring matter is removed. 



The use of chlorin compounds for the purification of drinking water, J. D. 

 Ruts {Handel. Vlaamsch Natuur en Genecsk. Cong., 17 {1913), pp. 492-495). — 

 The author discusses particularly the use of calcium hypochlorite. 



The sterilization of drinking water and other fluids by means of ultra- 

 violet light, J. G. Sleeswijk {Handel. Tlaanisch Nutidir en Gencesk. Cong., 

 17 {1913), pp. 488-491). — ^The author compares submerged a nd.un submerged 



