DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 267 



This correlation was more marlced in tlie Ayrshire than in Sinimental and 

 Dutch cows. Iinportetl and Holvlcaido (Japan) -bred Ayrshire and Dutch cows 

 did not show any appreciable difference in the circumference of the cannon 

 bone. The absolute circumference of the horns seems to diminish from gener- 

 ation to generation in Ayrshire and Dutch cows bred in Japan, while the abso- 

 lute horn length of the Ayrshire cows born in Japan is greater than in the 

 original Ayrshires, but in the Dutch cows the opposite takes place. The differ- 

 ent growth of the horns in the original breeds, and in the animals raised in 

 Japan, Is attributed to the difference in environment. 



The small-boned Ayrshire cows are in general, notwithstanding their rela- 

 tively smaller live weight, better milkers than the large-boned ones weighing 

 about 110 lbs. more. Also the fine-horned Ayrshires under experiment proved 

 better milkers than the thick-horned ones, while length of horn was not cor- 

 related with any difference in this respect. It appears that well developed 

 bones and slightly developed horns in young animals point to a continuation of 

 growth of the body, while moderately developed bones together with highly 

 developed horns are signs that body growth will stop early. 



Body weig'ht and milk yield (ililchio. ZentM., JfS (WUf), No. Jf, pp. 103, 

 104). — Tests were made which indicate that heavier cows give proportionately 

 more milk than lighter ones. Cows that were five years old. or had calved 

 not less than three times, were grouped according to body weight. Cows of 

 1,000 lbs. averaged 3,228 kg. milk with 105.3 kg. butter; 1,200 lbs., 3,571 kg. 

 and 114.6 kg. ; and over 1,200 lbs., 3,686 kg. and 118.7 kg. The utilization of 

 feed represented 6.54 efliciency units for light cows and 7.02 for heavy ones. 



Simultaneous tests showed that the purer bred cows, 1. e., those registered 

 which showed more correct structure than the unregistered ones, also excelled 

 in milk yield. The average for registered cows of the Shorthorn type was 

 3,526 kg. milk and 113.8 kg. butter, with a feed utilization of 6.87 units, as 

 against 3,281 kg. milk and 104.6 kg. butter with 6.54 imits for unregistered 

 cows. 



Observations in Britain on Kerries and Baxters, C. S. Plumb {Amer. 

 Kerry and Dexter Cattle Cluh Bui. 4. (1914), PP- 15, figs. 6). — ^A general de- 

 scription of the native environment, breed characteristics, and utility value of 

 these breeds. 



Bed Poll dairy cattle. — Report on the departmental herd for the season 

 1913-14, R. K. Kerr (Jour. Dept. Agr. Victoria, 12 (1914), No. 9, pp. 528-537, 

 figs. 10). — In four annual tests of a Red Poll herd of from 12 to 22 animals, 

 the milk yield ranged from 5,750 to 6,564 lbs., the fat test from 4.4 to 4.8 per 

 cent, the pounds of fat from 255 to 304, and the average milking period from 

 261 to 285 days. 



Dairy record centers and cow testing, O. F. Whitley (Rpt. Dairy and Cold 

 Storage Conn: Canada, 1914, PP- 15-103). — Included in this are data on con- 

 trasts in yield and percentage of fat in the same herd, and a comparison of 

 herds as to yields and cost of feed and profits. 



Increasing' milk flow by frequent milking (Milchw. Zentbl., 43 (1914), 

 No. 4, PP- 100, 101). — In tests made of the Hegelund method of milking, it is 

 claimed that one cow gave 7 lbs. of milk daily three weeks after calving when 

 milked three times a day, and on the same ration when milked eight times a 

 day 20 lbs. After three weeks she was restored to the three times per day 

 milking and continued to give the higher amount of milk. Another cow gave 

 from 10 to 12 lbs. milk per day on three times milking and 29 lbs. when 

 milked seven times per day, which amount she continued to give when returned 

 to three times milking. 



