VETERINARY MEDICINE, 273 



When anthrax is susi)ected the author recoruiuends giving 40 cc. of serum 

 subcutaneously, or 30 cc. intravenously, and also including those animals which 

 have previously been vaccinated with serum. The use of Sobernheim's anti- 

 toxin (prepared with horses) the second time is discouraged. 



Aphthous fevej" or foot-and-mouth disease, C. J. ^Iaksiiall (Penn. Live 

 Stock Sanit. Bd. Circ. !.'> [vcv. eel.] (,1914), PP- ~6). — A summarized account of 

 this disease and its occurrence in Pennsylvania at the time of publication. 



East Coast fever, W. Roheutson {Union So. Africa Dept. Agr. Rpt. 1912-13, 

 pp. 135, 136). — About 159,000 head of cattle were immunized against East 

 Coast fever during 1912. The practical outcome of these investigations is 

 summarized as follow^ : 



" The experience in the field indicates that the inoculation can safely be 

 undertaken in respect of either clean or infected cattle with the prosi^ect of 

 conferring immunity on from 56 to 60 per cent. 



"The best results in the field may be expected by the injection of 5 cc. 

 spleen and gland pulp (medium, half coarse, or coarse grain, mixed with pep- 

 tone or aleuronat, such animals to be kept on clean veld for 14 or 15 days before 

 they are exposed to natural infection. 



"The immunity conferred by the injection may not be absolute, inasmufh 

 as 12 breakdowns were noted amongst the experimental animals, or 1 per cent. 



"The juiimal which supplied the spleen and gland pulp for the injection has 

 apparently an influence on the results, as the variation in mortality from the 

 injection can not be considered to be due to any other factor. 



"As a possible improvement to the present method of immunizing cattle 

 against East Coast fever, the saturation of the pulp in a solution of quinin 

 hydrochlorid is suggested, the strength of the solution to be between 0.6 per 

 cent and 0.7 per cent." 



Johne's disease, F. W. Twort and G. L. Y. Ingram {London, 1913, pp. VI -\- 

 178, pis. 9; rev. in Vet. Jour., 69 {1913), A^o. J,59, p. U5).—The authors sum- 

 marize the present status of the knowledge of this disease. The first five 

 chapters deal with the history of the disease, its importance to stock owners 

 and breeders, its clinical features, methods of diagnosis and treatment, and 

 the pathological lesions found post-mortem. 



The trypanblue treatment in piroplasmosis of domesticated animals in 

 South Africa, A. Goodall {Parasitology, 7 (1914), No. 1, pp. 62-68). — The 

 author reports upon a number of cases of piroplasmosis treated with trypan- 

 blue, including biliary fever of dogs due to Piroplasma cams, equine piroplas- 

 mosis due to Nuttallia equi, piroplasmosis of donkeys due to P. cabaUif, and 

 South African redwater in cattle due to P. higcminxim. The general conclu- 

 sions drawn from these studies are as follows: 



" Parasites are not always present in the peripheral blood of dogs, and are 

 often extremely difficult to find in other animals, especially under conditions 

 encountered in the field. If well-marked clinical symptoms are shown one 

 is justified in using trypanblue, even if parasites can not be satisfactorily 

 demonsti-ated. A large dose of a weak solution of trypanblue should be ad- 

 ministered. The writer can not help thinking that the failures attributed to 

 the drug by other observers are due, in many cases, to too small a quantity 

 of the solution being injected. After an experience of the tx'eatment in some 

 hundreds of cases, the writer feels justified in stating that animals do not 

 suffer from relapses if a sufficient quantity of the solution is used. The dog 

 can become infected a second time after trypanblue treatment, but this second 

 infection is also amenable to the drug." 



