DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 265 



The development of the stomach in the Euphonias, A. Wetmore (Auk, 

 31 (191.'t), Su. Jf, pp. 45S-461). — In attempting to account for the aberrant form 

 of stomach of the small brightly colored tanagers, the author studied 51 speci- 

 mens of the Porto Rican Euphonia {Tana</ra sclateri). This species fee<ls en- 

 tirely on the berries of mistletoe {Phoradcndron spp.), a food readily assimi- 

 lated and one not requiring a nuiscular stomach for its digestion. " In conse- 

 quence we have a degeneration of the ventriculus into a thin membraneous 

 band and a straightening of the stomach to facilitate the passage of food, no 

 cardiac or pyloric constriction being necessary to hold matter in the ventriculus 

 for digestion as the process of conversion is carried on wholly by the secre- 

 tions of the alimentary canal." 



Pig'eons for profit. — The whole art of squab-raising' with chapters on 

 fancy and racing' pigeons, P. Bretton {London, 1914, PP- 125, pis. 9, figs. 

 24). — This contains general information on the feeding, care, and management 

 of pigeons for commercial purposes. 



Squab secrets, "W. E. Rice (Philadelphia, 1914, PP- 48, fiffs. 21). — Methods of 

 feeding, care, and management of pigeons for commercial purposes are de- 

 scribed. 



The first poultry show in America, J. H. Robinson {Boston, 1913, pp. 31, 

 figs. 10). — An account of this show, which was held at the Public Gardens, 

 Boston, Mass., in November, 1849. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYIITG. 



The value of soy-bean and alfalfa hay in milk production, R. E. Cald- 

 well {Ohio Hia. Bui. 267 {1913), pp. 125-145, figs. 2).— In 1908 two lots of 

 five and six cows each, producing approximately the same amount of milk, 

 were fed during a 31-day preliminary period, a 60-day exi>erimental period, and 

 a subsequent 30-day period as follows: Lot 1 corn silage, soy-bean hay, and a 

 grain mixture of corn meal and cotton-seed meal 6:1; lot 2 corn silage, corn 

 stover, and a grain mixture of corn meal, wheat bran, and cotton-seed meal in 

 equal parts. Lot 2 received slightly more protein and fat, yet the two rations 

 were very close in total composition. Lot 2 gave slightly more milk and milk fat 

 daily per cow than lot 1. but this difference did not change with the change of 

 ration, indicating that the two rations were practically equal in feeding value 

 so far as milk and milk fat production are concerned. The gain in live weight 

 was practically the same in both lots. A comparison of the amount of dry 

 matter consumed per nit of product, milk or milk fat, indicates that the differ- 

 ence is very small. 



The average daily cost of feed for lot 1 was 15.5 cts. per cow ; the average 

 cost per pound of milk produced 0.86 ct., and per pound of milk fat produced 

 17.9 cts. The average daily value of the product was 25 cts. per cow. For 

 lot 2 the avera^ costs were 16.4, 0.86, and 18.5 cts., respectively, and the value 

 of product 25.6 cts. per cow. 



In 1909 a similar test to the above was conducted and in general confirmed 

 the results obtained in this first test. It appears that 5 per cent more dry mat- 

 ter was required to produce a unit of product with the grain ration than with 

 the soy-bean ration, but the difference is small and means that the two rations 

 were practically equally efficient. These tests indicate that a large share of 

 the protein can be supplied in .soy-bean hay instead of concentrates with equal 

 efficiency. 



Two lots of six cows each were fed during a 28-day preliminary period, a 

 56-day experimental period, and a 28-day subsequent period as follows: Lot 1 

 corn meal, corn silage, and alfalfa hay; lot 2 corn meal, wheat bran, cotton-seed 



