ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



363 



only incompletely taken up. Due to u less intense bacterial activity in the sugar 

 period than in the starch period the quantity of nitrogen transformed into gas 

 in the stomach was diminished from 9.48 to 0.07 per cent. During the starch 

 period the pigs excreted in the feces an average of 25.93 per cent of the nitrogen 

 of the feed and during the sugar period 48.73 per cent. 



These results corroborate observations made in previous experiments with a 

 heifer calf (E. S. II., 27, p. 871), and a steer (see above), and indicate that 

 sugar diminishes the utilization of nitrogen and the loss of nitrogen by fermen- 

 tation in the alimentary canal. 



Comparative feeding' experiments with various grades of low moor, high 

 moor, m.arsh, and mineral land hays, B. Tacke et al {Ber. Landiv. Reich- 

 samtc Innern, No. 32 (1914), PP- -^7). — This comprises three papers reporting 

 various comparative feeding experiments with oxen and sheep fed different 

 sorts of marsh and moorland hays. The coefficients of digestibility and the 

 digestible nutrients of the various hays are shown in the following table : 



Coefficients of digestihility and digestihle nutrients of the various hays. 



Kind of hay. 



CoeflBcients of digestibility. 



Dry 

 mat- 

 ter. 



Pro- 

 tein. 



Fat. 



Nitro- 

 een- 

 iree 

 ex- 

 tract. 



Crude 

 fiber. 



Digestible nutrients. 



Pro- 

 tein. 



Fat. 



Nitro- 

 gen- 

 free 

 ex- 

 tract. 



Crude 

 fiber. 



Marsh hay 



High-moor hay 

 Low-moor hay. 

 Clover hay 



Perct. 

 57.5 

 65.0 

 56.9 

 61.0 



Perct. 



61.8 

 69.3 

 61.5 

 69.1 



Perct. 

 47.0 

 47.0 

 57.5 

 59.1 



Perct. 

 59.9 

 67.4 

 58.3 

 64.4 



Perct. 

 62.2 

 62.8 

 55.9 

 55.3 



Perct. 



6.67 

 11.18 



5.71 

 10.97 



Perct. 

 1.16 

 1.10 

 1.30 

 1.20 



Per ct. 

 27.10 

 31.34 

 27.40 

 28.38 



Perct. 

 19.83 

 16.93 

 19.90 

 17.24 



The influence of long storage on the composition and digestibility of 

 meadow and clover hays, F. Honcamp, H. MiJLLNEB, and B. Stau {Landw. 

 Vers. Stat., 84 {1914), No. 5-6, pp. 447-481).— In feeding experiments with 

 sheep it was demonstrated that under desirable storage conditions meadow hay 

 suffers no loss in nutritive value. During three years' experiments com- 

 prising five periods the nutrients remained practically the same if not higher 

 and the digestibility was increased. During two years comprising six periods 

 in which clover hay was fed no material change in nutritive value of the hay 

 was noted in either composition or digestibility. 



The feeding value of apple pomace, J. B. Lindsey (Massachusetts Sta. 

 Circ. 4t (1914), PP- 4)- — -^ popular summary of data, based largely on work 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 16, p. 395; 17, p. 279; 26, p. 72). 



Bacteriological researches on forage conservation in the silo, C. Gorini 

 (Ann. 1st. Agr. [Milan-], 5 (1901-1904), pp. 91-100; 6 (1901-1905), pp. 105-122, 

 pi. 1; 7 (1905-6), pp. 47-57; 8 (1906-7), pp. 49-68; 9 (1907-1909), pp. 85-92; 

 10 (1909-1911), pp. 95-112; 11 (1911-1913), pp. 165-175) .—These are reports 

 of bacteriological studies made of silage during a period of years. The author 

 makes four classes of silage, those in which butyric acid, lactic acid, and putre- 

 fying bacteria predominate, and that which is comparatively free from bacteria. 

 The first two classes are normal and the last two abnormal, the third because 

 fermentation has been too low, thus causing putrefaction, and the last because 

 the temperature has been too high, thus destroying the bacteria. 



The optimum temperature for lactic acid bacteria is given as 50° C. (122° F.), 

 and for butyric acid bacteria 60°. The author prefers the lactic acid silage for 



