250 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



roots and pupated in a branch 46 in. above tlie ground. Tlie ascent through 

 the trunk is usually made withm half an inch of the inner bark, the larva occa- 

 sionally approaching the bark but never entering it." In December of the 

 second year the larva gets permanently settled in its cell and pupation takes 

 place w^ith the coming of the first few wanu days of spring. The pupal stage 

 lasts from three to four weeks and the adults emerge in May. It is probable 

 that the life of the adult does not often exceed two or three weeks. 



Mention is made of the habits of other members of the genus Agrilus, several 

 of which are well-known pests. As regards natural enemies, the author reports 

 the discovery of one hymenopterpus parasite which attacks and destroys the 

 larva and pupa, and which has been described by Viereck as Xylophruridea 

 agrili n. g., and n, sp. (E. S. R., 29, p. 563). Two generations of this parasite 

 occur annually, one brood of the adult appearing early in the spring and the 

 other late in the fall. From 25 to 40 per cent of the root borers are said to 

 be destroyed by this enemy. It is pointed out that control measures must be 

 directed toward the protection of the trunk of the tree against the deposition 

 of the egg rather than the killing of the borer after it begins feeding. " Where 

 paints, washes, or mechanical devices of any kind are used on trees as a pre- 

 ventive of injury by the roundheaded apple tree borer, equal protection may 

 be had against the apple root borer by treating the trunks at about the time 

 fruit is setting in the spring. The egg-laying season is of short duration, and 

 temporary wrapi>ers of paper or burlap, or any other material that will entirely 

 cover the lower 2 ft. of the trunk for a period of four or five weeks following 

 the blooming season of the apple, will in a large measure prevent eggs from 

 being placed on the bark. Treatment with sticky adhesive or heavy paints 

 that are not injurious to the trees will answer the same purpose." Since the 

 apple root borers develop freely in the common service tree, the proximity of 

 apple orchards to woods in which this tree flourishes may always be regarded 

 as a source of possible infestation. 



The western com rootworm, G. G. Ainslie {Jour. Econ. Ent., 7 (1914), Xo. 

 4, pp. 322-324). — The data here presented supplement an account by Webster, 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 30, p. 56). 



The author has almost completely worked out the life and seasonal histories 

 of the species in Tennessee and found them to be substantially the same as 

 farther north. It is stated that on river bottom land in Tennessee which was 

 under water eleven times in one winter, each time for from two to twelve days, 

 the larvae were as numerous the following summer as elsewhere. 



The carpet beetle or " bufEalo moth," L. O. Howard ( U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Farmers' Bui. 626 {1914), pp. 4, fig. i).— This popular account of Anthrenus 

 scrophulariw is a reprint of Bureau of Entomology Circular 5, revised. 



The postembryonal stages of Otiorhynchus cribricollis with partheno- 

 genetic reproduction at irregular intervals, G. Geandi {Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. 

 e Agr. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. Portici, 7 {1913), pp. 72-90, figs. 12; aU. in Rev. 

 Appl. Ent., 2 {1914), Ser. A, No. 3, p. 181). — Both the larva and adult of 0. 

 cribHcoUis are a source of injury to alfalfa in the vicinity of Portici, Italy. It 

 is stated that in addition to O. e7'ihHcoUis, the biology of which is here dealt 

 with, two other species, namely. O. turea and O. ligustici, are known to reproduce 

 partheuogenetically. A bibliography of 22 titles is included. 



The codling moth in Iowa (Carpocapsa pomonella), R. L. Webster {Iowa 

 Sta. Bui. 147 {1914), pp. 5-35, figs. 17; popular ed. {1914), pp. 8, figs. 5").— The 

 author estimates the annual damage to the apple crop in the State of Iowa by 

 the codling moth to amount to approximately $3,000,000. Studies of its life 

 history have shown that there are two distinct generations each year in Iowa, 



