DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 367 



of a type of Abyssinian nuile having as its regular characteristic a depression 

 of the base of the subnasal bone, together with an underhung jaw giving the 

 animal a bulldog expression. These animals are small, strong, and well ribbed. 

 It appears that they are the result of purely accidental variations Avhich are not 

 inherited. 



The bare necks, C. B. Davenport {Jour. Heredity, 5 [1914), No. 8, p. 374, 

 fig. 1). — An account of chickens brought from the Barbados which are char- 

 acterized by the absence of feathers from the neck as far as from the ears 

 down to the clavicle. Mated together these birds gave a few full-feathered 

 chicks, but about three-fourths of all were bare necked. Mated to ordinary 

 fowl, about one-half of the offspring had naked necks. 



It is concluded that the naked neck is a typical dominant and that there is a 

 factor in this bird which interferes with the development of the neck feathers. 

 The author .suggests that " every skin plate bears a feather and that if any 

 portion of the skin is without feathers, it is due to a specific inhibitor to the de- 

 velopment of the feather germ in that region. Of these inhibitors there are 

 probably a number. There are at least one for the shanks and one for the neck 

 and possibly an additional one for the ventral patch of the neck. So far as 

 we have gone it seems probable that the inhibitor is of the nature of an 

 antienzym which interferes in a given area with the development of those 

 enzyms that induce the formation of the feather." 



Variations caused by various feeds on ducks belonging to the same brood, 

 A. Magnan {Ann. Sci. Nat. ZooL, 9. scr., 19 {1914), No. 2-S, pp. 161-225, figs. 

 S5). — A part of this work has been noted from another source (E. S. R., 27, 

 p. 774). 



Rouen ducks on a fish diet showed a much greater relative development of 

 proventriculus than those fed flesh, insects, or vegetables. The length and 

 weight of the ceca were much greater on vegetable diet. Thickness of the 

 muscular wall of the gizzard and weight of the stomach were greatest on flesh 

 diet. The intestinal surface, length of large intestine, and weight of spleen and 

 blood were greatest on vegetable diet. Length and weight of the small in- 

 testine, and weight of the lungs and pancreas were greatest on fish diet. The 

 weight of heart was greatest on fish and insect diets and equal in the two cases. 



An extensive bibliography is included. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Present state of the dairying industry in Bombay, J. B. Knight and E. "W. 

 Horn {Dept. Agr. Bombay Bui. 56 {191/f), pp. 14). — An account of the breed 

 characteristics and utility value of the several breeds of dairy cattle and milk- 

 yielding buffaloes of Bombay. The necessity of improved methods of selection 

 and breeding is suggested. 



Experiments on the profitable feeding of milch, cows, H. Goldschmidt 

 {Dansk. Land [Copenhagen], 1 {1913), Dec., pp. 453-470; abs. in Internat. Inst. 

 Agr. [Rome], Mo. Bid. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 5 {1914), No. 8, pp. 1050, 

 1051). — In a preliminary experiment conducted at the Royal Veterinary and 

 Agricultural College, Copenhagen, in which 20 milch cows were fed lucern hay 

 ad libitum, it appeared that the weight and performance of the individual 

 cows did not stand in any approximately constant relation to the quantity of 

 lucern consumed, and that the older and drier the lucera, the less of it was 

 eaten. 



Two lots of 10 cows each were fed 77 lbs. lucern and 2.2 lbs. straw, lot 1 

 receiving in addition 1.02 lbs. of oil cake for every 10 lbs. of milk, and lot 2 

 an equivalent amount of nutrients, or 1,33 lbs. of oats for every 10 lbs. of milk, 



