VETERINARY MEDICINE. 375 



in which the urethra had become infected first with paratyphoid bacilli, but 

 which later involved the kidneys. Up to the time when the paratyphoid bacilli 

 (hog-cholera group) were noted one of the patients was treated for gonorrhea. 

 The patients resided in rural districts. The agglutination titer with a poly- 

 valent antihog-cholera serum (Wassermann) went as high as 1:327,680, and 

 the blood picture was quite different from that of ordinary typhoid. The bacilli 

 could be cultivated from the urine but never from the blood or intestines. 



Diagnostic value of the precipitin reaction in infections with the typhoid- 

 coli group of bacteria, and especially in meat poisoning, M. Isabolinsky 

 and B. Patzewitsch (Centbl. Bakt. [ctc.l, 1. AM., Orig., 10 {1913), No. 3-Jf, 

 pp. 192-199; abs. in Chem. Ztg., 38 (191J,), No. 26, Report., p. 115).— The sera 

 employed were obtained by immunizing rabbits with killed cultures. It was 

 demonstrated with these sera that the precipitin reaction for detecting meat 

 poisoning by the paratyphoid B and Gartner bacilli is not absolutely specific. 



The utilization of dry heated micro-organisms and those which have been 

 treated with digestive ferments as antigens, with especial regard to tuber- 

 culosis, F. LoEFFLEB {Deut. Med. Wchnschr., 39 {1913), No. 22, pp. 1025-1029; 

 abs. in Berlin. Ticrdrztl. Wchnschr., 30 {19U)', No. 12, pp. 202, 203).— By dry 

 heating various substances which the author and Matsuda employed as an- 

 tigens (proteins, blood, parts of tissues, bacterial masses) to 70° C, germ-free 

 antigens may be obtained. With these heated substances sera with high ag- 

 glutinating and bactericidal properties may be produced, and it is possible to 

 immunize animals against mouse typhoid and hog erysipelas. 



While the organisms differ as i*egards their resistance toward heat, the ma- 

 jority die only after seven to eight days, but tubercle bacilli are killed after 

 one to two days. By heating continuously for nine to fifteen days at 70° the 

 resorptive ability of the tubercle bacillus is increased. This material when 

 given to rabbits and dogs will immunize them against highly pathogenic 

 tubercle bacilli, and the same immunity is also to be expected from bovines. 

 Guinea pigs could not be immunized with dry heated tubercle bacilli nor 

 could they be cured when infected with tuberculosis by this treatment. At the 

 utmost an extension of life is obtained by the treatment of the guinea pigs. 



Micro-organisms exposed to the action of carnevoriu (a ferment preparation 

 obtained from insect devouring plants, such as Drosera) for a sufficient length 

 of time die, but death is preceded by a stage in which the bacteria multiply. 

 Different micro-organisms show different degrees of reaction toward carnevorin. 

 Some are killed in dilute solutions in a short time and others survive exposure 

 in a strong solution for a long time. The micro-organisms robbed of their 

 \irulence by carnevorin give when injected a strong immunity toward the re- 

 spective organisms. Tubercle bacilli treated with carnevorin diluted 1 : 2 in 

 salt solution are killed in from 48 hours (human type) to 72 hours (bovine 

 type). Guinea pigs can not be immunized nor cured with the organisms so 

 treated. Further work is to be done in this direction with other species of 

 animals and man. 



Of the animal digestive ferments only trypsin in an alkaline medium was 

 found active and compared well as regards its action with carnevorin. Tubercle 

 bacilli ti-eated with trypsin are well resorbed, and the curative and protective 

 effects with guinea pigs are the same as noted with carnevorin. Kabbits 

 treated with trypsin bear injection with tubercle bacilli very well. 



The results with trypsin seem to give a basis for the belief that an infection 

 of the intestinal tract by way of the mouth can readily occur, since some of the 

 ferments of the digestive tract do not affect or do not have the opportunity of 

 acting upon the micro-organisms for a sufficient length of time to kill them or 



