348 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Insect enemies of the ground nut in Senegal, Az^mabd {Agr. Colon. [Parisl 

 1 (19U), No. 10, pp. 106-110; abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 2 (1914), Ber. A, No. 9, 

 pp. 549, 550). — A discussion of the more important enemies of this plant. 



Four new proctotrypoid egg parasites of sugar cane insects in Java, A. P, 

 DoDD {Arch. Naturgesch., 80 {1914), AM. A, No. 5, pp. 162-164). — Hadronotus 

 javensis and two species of Telenomus reared from moth eggs on sugar cane 

 and one species of Telenomus reared from moth eggs on the leaves of sugar 

 beet are described as new. 



[Fleas and mosquitoes in Panama], C. F. Mason {Rpt. Dept. Health Patv- 

 ama Canal, 1914, Sept., pp. 7, 8). — Several tests have shown that fleas begin to 

 leave a killed rat as early as 15 seconds after death and that aU have left the 

 body a little more than two hours and 15 minutes afterwards. 



During September specimens of Anopheles apicimacula were collected from 

 several sources. In one locality near habitations they were found breeding 

 with A. albinianus, while in another locality they were breeding in water near 

 the site of an abandoned village. Attempts to incriminate A. apicimacula 

 by biting three different cases of malaria, each one containing a sufficiency of 

 gametes in the peripheral blood, were made, properly controlled with A. albi- 

 manus, but neither A. apicimacula nor A. albimanus could be infected. 



A new cotton pest {Agr. News [Barbados], 13 {1914), No. 326, p. 344).— This 

 note relates to the attack on cotton in St. Kitts by the Australian cockroach 

 {Periplancta australasia;), the common household pest in the West Indies. 

 On two estates in St. Kitts much trouble was experienced in getting cotton 

 established in certain fields, the young plants being eaten off as soon as they 

 appeared above ground. The injury is caused by the immature roaches. 



A bait of corn meal and Paris green distributed in the field as cotton was 

 just coming up proved quite an efficient means of control. 



A chalcid parasitic on thrips (Thysanoptera), R. S. Bagnall {Rpt. Brit. 

 Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1913, p. 531). — The author records the occurrence of Thripoc- 

 tenus russelli, a thrips parasite previously recorded from California by Russell 

 (E. S. R., 27, p. 262), in several localities in England. 



The influence of temperature, submersion, and burial on the survival of 

 eggs and larvae of Cimex lectularius, A. W. Bacot {Bui. Ent. Research, 5 

 {1914), No. 2, pp. 111-117).— The author finds that the eggs of C. lectularius 

 are able to survive exposure to temperatures between 40 and 50° F. for a period 

 of 31 days, and between 28 and 32° for 48 hours. " Periods of from 5 to 8 days 

 at the latter temperature reduce the percentage hatching to 25 per cent and 

 longer exposures, 10 to 15 days, are fatal. Temperatures between 60 to 98° are 

 favorable, but 113° prevents hatching. 



" Burial in dry or wet sand, with exposure to temperatures between 45 and 

 50°, may be survived fi"om 4 days to a week if the eggs are then uncovered and 

 kept at a favorable temperature. Submergence in water at between 60 and 

 63° for a period of 5 days has no effect on hatching if the eggs are subsequently 

 kept under favorable conditions. They also survive for at least 3 days in water 

 at between 45 and 50°, and for 48 hours when the water in which they are sub- 

 merged is frozen. Submergence in lime water (saturated solution) for 46 hours 

 is fatal. The eggs survive partial embedding in a wet plaster surface provided 

 that emergence is not interfei'ed with. 



" Newly hatched bugs when unfed can survive a temperature of from 28 to 

 32° for periods up to 18 days. They are also able to withstand chilling, thaw- 

 ing, rechilling and again thawing over shorter periods. When subjected to 

 cold, moist air after a full meal they are liable to a heavy or even total mor- 

 tality, probably in consequence of humidity rather than cold. Under moderate 

 conditions of temperature, 60 to G5°, they may live for 136 days unfed, and 



