RURAL ECONOMICS. 285 



The advantages and disadvantages of the movable house as compared with 

 the centralized are discussed. The movable types, of which photographs, specifi- 

 cations, working drawings, bills of material and labor, and estimates of cost are 

 presented, are the Iowa gable roof house, the Ames combination roof house, 

 the "A" house with doors hinged at the sides, the "A" house with doors hinged 

 at the top, the tepee house, and the economy house. 



In a series of experiments conducted with a house of each type the range of 

 temperature was found to be greater within the new metal "A" houses than 

 within the standard wooden house. The metal house was hotter in the middle 

 of the day and colder at night than the wooden, and in no instance was the 

 metal house the cooler at noon or warmer sliortly after midnight. 



It is conclude<l in general as regards all the types that tlie selection of the best 

 possible hog house is largely a problem of correctly interpreting local conditions. 



Silos in Oklahoma, C. I. Bray and D. R. Forrester (Oklahoma Sta. Bui. 

 101 (IDl.'f), pp. 83, figs. 87). — It is the purpose of this bulletin to describe the 

 more common tn^es of silos and to point out the essential features of a good 

 silo and the most common defects of construction. The types of silos discussed 

 range from the cheaper forms of homemade wooden or pit silos to the more 

 expensive types, as concrete, tile, or metal silos. 



It is stated that spoiling of silage in metal silos due to radiation of heat has 

 not as a rule been found under Oklahoima conditions. Detailed instructions for 

 the construction of the different types of silos described are given, with tables 

 of quantities for different sizes of silos and bills of material. 



ETJRAL ECONOMICS. 



The training- of rural leaders, K. L. Butteefield (Survey, 33 (lOlJf), No. 1, 

 pp. 13, llf). — The author believes that rural leadership is necessary to main- 

 tain a consistent philosophy of the rural problem, to vitalize rural movements, 

 and to unite the people into effective organizations. The local leadership 

 should be trained through service in its own rural community and professional 

 leaders or organizers should be trained in special schools patterned after school 

 training for social service in cities. The author believes that the rural district 

 does not need so much men or women of great learning or research as a kindling 

 of the imagination and an enlargement of the view of the local leader through 

 occasional conferences at some institution, as an agricultural college. 



The rural community and church federation, J. R. Hargreaves (Amcr. 

 Jour. Socio!., 20 (1914). No. 2, pp. 249-260) .—The author discusses the under- 

 lying reasons for the seemingly unnecessai'y number of small churches in rural 

 communities, outlines a constitution for a fedei'ated church, and defines the 

 attitude toward federation in several typical communities. 



The land and the laborer, H. Aronson (Lahdon, 1914, pp. XIV +290). —The 

 author maintains as the reason for the decrease in tlie number of agricultural 

 workers in Great Britain the breaking off of the personal relationship that 

 previously existed between the lord of the manor and his laborers and tenants, 

 the influx of people from the cities who take no part in agricultural iiroductiou, 

 the transfer of village and home industries to manufacturing centers, and the 

 decline in the real wage of the agricultural worker. He believes that this low 

 wage has led to physical inefficiency and advocates an increase so that the 

 farm laborer can be properly fed, clothed, and sheltered. He also calls attention 

 to the need of better housing conditions, but warns against so increasing the 

 rents as to take up all the increase in wages. He believes that the cottage 

 gardens are not sufficient in size and that the agricultural laborer should be 



