388 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



system of sewage disposal, including toilet fixtures, house drainage system, the 

 main drain or sewer, and the disjwsal or purification plant. Two types of 

 plumbing systems are described, the vent system and the nonsiphon trap sys- 

 tem. The second sj'Stem, using nonsiphon traps and eliminating the vent 

 stacks, is said to be cheaper than the vent system owing to the saving in mate- 

 rial and labor. It is stated that tlie function of a septic tank is to prepare the 

 sewage for disposal in the .soil and that the sewage is not purified in the tank. 

 In opposition to what lias been the usual practice, it is stated that the main soil 

 pipe from the house or building will serve to ventilate the septic tank and that 

 there should be no house trap on this pipe. 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



Rural improvement, F. A. Wauoh (New York and London, 1914, pp. XIII+ 

 265, phs. 21, figs. 61). — This book is written primarily from the landscape archi- 

 tect's point of view, and treats of the means of access, roads and streets, road- 

 side trees, civic centers, public grounds, the village home garden, fann planning, 

 community planning, rural architecture, improvement programs, and organiza- 

 tion and management. 



A rural life survey of Greene and Clermont counties, Ohio, P. L. Vogt 

 ET AL. {Miami [Ohio] Univ. Bui., 12. scr., No. 11 (191-i), pp. 82, figs. i5).— This 

 bulletin describes the economic and social conditions in two counties in Ohio. 



Among the conclusions reached by the author were that evidence exists that 

 the country and particularly the villages are brought under the influence of 

 neighboring cities, and for this reason the ]>eople of the country have a right 

 through the state legislature to say what the moral influence of the city shall 

 be in the same way that the State shall say what steps the city shall take to 

 prevent physical contagion. He claims that there is evidence that both the 

 country and village are still lacking in provision for wholesale amusement for 

 their boys and girls. When adequate .pure recreations are provided, the saloon 

 and vice resorts of neighboring cities will exert less influence, and the village 

 and rural community will be on a much higher plane of social life than at 

 present. 



Community service week in North Carolina (Raleigh, 1914. PP- S6, figs. 9). — 

 This pamphlet contains suggestions for improving rural conditions along the 

 lines of public roads, grounds, buildings, schools, and neighborhoods, and gives 

 a number of test questions attempting to call attention to the deficiencies com- 

 monly found in rural communities. There are also a number of questions to 

 test the progress that the individual coimty has made. 



Rural life conference (Alumni Bui. Univ. Ya., 3. set:, 7 (1914), ^'o. 4, PP- 

 443-552, pi. 1, figs. 5). — Among the topics discussed at this conference were the 

 religious forces at work in country life and the educational opportunities of the 

 countiy church, by W. E. Garner; the public school and rural life, by H. F. 

 Cope; and women's service to the community, by Anna B. Taft. 



The rural church movement, E. L. Earp (New York and Cincinnati^ 1914. 

 pp. 177, pi. 1). — ^The author believes that the problem of spiritual leadership is 

 the most important factor in the countiy life problem. He has attempted to 

 select out of the history of the movement those outstanding facts and methods 

 that have been of value and apply them to the conditions in rural life the 

 church is now facing, showing those to be adapted to new plans, and those no 

 longer useful and to be discai-ded. 



The farm bureau movement in New York State, RI. C. Burbitt (N. Y. Dcpt. 

 Agr. Circ. 93 (1914), pp. 38). — This circular gives a brief history of the 

 development of the fann bureau Idea in the United States and especially in 



