RURAL ECONOMICS. 389 



New York and a detailed description of tlie work of three county agricultural 

 agents in the State. 



Opportunities in agriculture for women, E. B. Babcock {Univ. Cal. Jour. 

 Agr., 2 {1914), No. 1, pp. 17-22). — The author notes the organization of The 

 Women's Agricultural and Horticultural International Union at the quinquen- 

 nial meeting of the International Council for Women held in London in 1899, 

 outlines the objects of the union, and gives the replies to inquiries sent to a 

 few women in California as to the necessity of a special course in agriculture, 

 either in a college or an agricultural school for women who plan to follow an 

 agricultural pursuit, and as to the amount of capital and land desirable for 

 A-arious fanning enterprises. 



Opportunities for women in agriculture, Eleanob Mabtin {Women's Ed. 

 and Indus. Union, Boston, Studies Eeon. Relations Women, 1 {1914), pt. 2, 

 pp. 3-69). — The author concludes, from a study of the conditions in Massa- 

 chusetts, that a girl can not become a wage earner in agricultural pursuits and 

 that to succeed at all as a farmer she must begin with at least a small property 

 or capital for investment. However, she believes that the education of the girl 

 on the farm, or in rural regions through the school in cooperation with the 

 home, may enable her to take up such subjects as horticulture, floriculture, poul- 

 try raising, and beekeeping and make them her vocation in later life. The 

 school instruction and the experience in the home should be coordinated. 



The American Farm Management Association (Amer. Farm Management 

 Assoc. Proc., 4 {1913), pp. 130, figs. 4)- — Among the subjects discussed at this 

 annual meeting were field and laboratory courses and classroom work in farm 

 management, the survey method of determining cost of production, farm rec- 

 ords as a basis of increasing farm profits and improving farm management, 

 marketing, and contracts between landlord and tenant. 



An outline for the study of current political, economic,"' and social prob- 

 lems {Ind. Univ. Bui. 12 {1914), ^O- 7, pp. 77). — This outline consists princi- 

 pally of a classified bibliography, and contains the following subheads relating 

 to rural conditions : Township and rural communities, agricultural credit, taxa- 

 tion of land values, and rural schools. 



The political and sectional influence of the public lands, 1828—1842, 

 K. G. Wellington {Brookings, S. Dak., 1914, PP- 131, pis. 3). — ^The author^ 

 traces with great detail the discussion of the public land question in Congress 

 during this period, and its influence uix)n various economic measures and upon 

 the political fortunes of sectional presidential candidates. 



The influence of tlie passing of the jTublic lands, W. J. Trimble {Atlantic 

 Mo., lis {1914), No. 2, pp. 755-767).— The primary result of the swift settling 

 of public lands in the United States was the enormously increased production 

 of the necessities of life. With the productive lands taken up, the law of dimin- 

 ishing lands begins to operate to make increase in production more difficult. 

 Among the other effects of the passing of public lands are the rapid rise in farm 

 values, increase in farm tenantry, and smaller opportunities for the individual 

 to rise out of his class. The author states that the possession of a farm of from 

 SO to 320 acres, with the expensive equipment now required to run it, is quite 

 out of the reach of a large number of our population at present prices, and it is 

 diflicult to avoid the conclusion that even in the country social stratification is 

 proceeding by insensible and natural steps. The tendencies toward economic 

 and social equality which were marked features of the public-land area there- 

 fore seem fast vanishing into history. 



Vacant public lands in the United States {U. S. Dept. Int., Qen. Land Off. 

 Circ. 335 {1914), PP- 24). — This circular contains a list of vacant government 

 lands by counties, with their location and area, together with a brief descrip- 

 tion regarding their character. The report indicates that there were on July 1, 



