ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY, 447 



The destruction of insects and fungi, L. Skmiciion (Rev. Vit., .'/2 (1914), 

 No. 1076, PI). tl.-i-LW). — The author descrihes the use of hot water for (he 

 control of certain Insects and fungus diseases. 



Among the fungi which it is claimed may he controlled in this manner are 

 various mildews and other fungi with the superficial mycelium. The young 

 plants, or those vigorously growing in early si)ring, are said to be able to with- 

 stand water heated to 70° C. (158° F.), and older tissues, such as fruit trees, 

 readily withstand a temperature of 75°. 



In applying the hot water treatment the author recommends the addition of 

 boiling water to water of a lower temperature so as to bring the amount re- 

 quired to a temperature of 71 or 72°. This is to be drenched over the plants 

 and not sprayed in the form of a mist. Where it is desired to treat grades for 

 downy mildew, it is recoumiended that a Icilogram of neutral copper acetate be 

 added to each hectoliter (1 lb. to 12 gal.) of water heated to 65°. This tem- 

 perature of the water not only aids in rapid solution, but is said to increase the 

 spreading of the fungicide. 



A form of apjiaratus is described which is reconunended to i>e used in connec- 

 tion with spraying witli hot water. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Wild life conservation in theory and practice, W. T. IIornaday (New 

 Haven, Conn., and London, 1914, PP- yi+2.'f0, pis. 19). — This work consists of 

 lectures delivered before the Forest School of Yale University in 1914. The 

 subjects discussed are the extinction and preservation of valuable wild life, the 

 economic value of our birds, the legitimate use of game birds and mammals, 

 animal pests and their rational treatment, and the duty and power of the 

 citizen in wild life protection. 



A chapter on private game preserves as factors in conservation (pp. 195-222), 

 and a bibliography of more recent works on wild birds with special reference to 

 game preserves and the protection and pi-opagation of game (pp. 223-229), by 

 F. C. Walcott, are included. 



Useful birds and their protection, E. IL Forbush {Bonton: Mass. Bd. Agr., 

 1913, Jf. cd., pp. XX-\-.'i5}, ijIs. 61, figs. 111). — A revise<l and enlarged edition of 

 the work, i)revionsly noted (E. S. R., IS, p. 1143). 



Birds of New York, E. II. Eaton (.V. 1'. male Mas. Mem. 12, pt. 2 (1914), 

 pp. 119, pis. 64, figs. 65; rev. in Science, n. ser., 40 (1914), No. 1036, pp. 611, 

 618). — This second part of the work previously noted (E. S. R., 24, p. 53) com- 

 prises discussions of bird ecology (pp. 5-46), the economic value of birds (pp. 

 40-51), the status of our bird laws (pp. 51, 52), special measures for increasing 

 bird life (pp. 52-58), bird refuges (pp. 58, 59), private preserves (pp. 59, 00), 

 and a systematic account of land birds (pp. CJ-543). 



The chapter on bird ecology treats of the fundamental factors of environment, 

 bird habitats, nesting sites of New York birds, bird comnnniities, succession of 

 bird life, birds of Potter swamp, birds of a typical deciduous forest, birds of the 

 central lake ravines, the influence of culture operations, such as timber cutting, 

 draining of swamps and marshes, pruning of shade and fruit trees, etc., food of 

 birds, and injury done by birds in different ways by particular species. 



The systematic part treats of the genera and species in the sequence of the 

 A. O. U. Check List. Sixty-five half-tone illustrations, mostly of young birds or 

 of nests and eggs, 04 colored jilates by L. A. Fuertes, and an index to the two 

 volumes are included. 



The review is by J. A. AUeu. 



