FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION. 459 



(the circniiiferenoe of the upper arm X 10<t -~ the chest measurement = the co- 

 etlicieut) as a measure of the condition of nutrititni auion<4 school children iu 

 Antwerp. The averaj^e results are summarizfsl as follows: 



The coetticient of nutrition decreases regularly for both boys and girls be- 

 tween the ages of three and seven, and then shows a slight but irregular in- 

 crease. During the period when the decrease is regular its curve follows Ame- 

 line's logarithmic law of biological phenomena. See also a previous note by 

 Tuxford (K. S. R.. 32, p. 250). 



Feeding men in logging' camps, R. S. Kellogg {191Jt, pp. S, taWe 1). — This 

 paper, which was presented at the quarterly meeting of the Northern Hemlock 

 and Hardwood Mamifacturcrs Association, held in Milwaukee, Wis., October 

 28, 1914, gives practical suggestions for reducing the cost of food in Michigan 

 and Wisconsin lumber camps. Among the ix)ints noted are the substitution of 

 fish and dried meats for fresh meat, the reduction of the number of kinds of 

 breads, pies, etc., served at a single meal, and especially the employment of a 

 well-trained and intelligent cook. 



A table is appended giving standard menus for 30 daj'S and suggesting possible 

 substitutions for certain of the staples included. 



Hygienic intei-pretation of recent clianges in the field rations and tlieir 

 preparation, II. C. Fisher (Trans. 15. Internat. Coiiff. Hyy. and Demotjr. Wash- 

 inytoH: 5 (1912), Sect. 8, pp. 83J,-8S8). — The present garrison and haversack 

 rations of the U. S. Army ax'e discussed. In the author's opinion they are more 

 satisfactory than the type of rations hitherto supplied. 



The garrison ration, according to the components selected (and there is con- 

 siderable range of choice in all the principal ai'ticles), will furnish from 

 2.500 to 5.G74 calories. The haversack ration will furnish, it is assumed, 113 

 gm. proteid, 218 gm. fat. and 489 gm. carbohydrates, with a total fuel value of 

 4,448 calories. 



The haversack ration consists of meat or bacon witli other foods, the haver- 

 sack utensils giving an opportunity to cook the bacon. " The hard bread fur- 

 nishetl for the haversack ration, and formerly our main dependence for field 

 use, is excellent witliin its limitations, but lacks a pleasing taste, palls upon 

 the appetite, and undoubtedly tends to gastro-intestinal complaints on accoimt 

 of its hardness." 



It is the author's opinion that "the recent improvements in the field rations 

 and the means of preparing them provide a dietary for soldiers that leaves but 

 little room for improvement. While the haversack ration is somewhat meager, 

 the provision for supplementing it affords a sufficient but not an excessive 

 amount of nourishment. It is a wise provision that supplies young men under- 

 going the necessary exertion and hardship of a soldier's life with an abundance 

 of wholesome food, and a large experience of practical life has demonstrated 

 that this class of men requires the ample food sup])ly provided." 



Information is given regarding the emergency ration, which weighed 8 oz, 

 and consisted of chocolate liquor, nucleo-casein. malted milk, egg albumin, 

 powdered cane sugar, and cocoa butter. " It furnished 52 gm. proteid, 72 gm. 

 fat, 110 gm. carbohydrates, with a [fuel] value of 1,334 calories. The in- 

 gredients ai'e compressed into 3 cakes resembling a chocolate confection and 

 inclosed in a sealed tin can. It is pleasant to the taste and may be eaten with- 

 out further preparation. 



" There seems to be considerable question about the desirability of an 

 emergency ration, and lli(> ('(luipment board recommended that an additional 

 haversack ration be substituted for the emergency ration now carried by each 

 soldier in campaign." 



