510 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Soufriere, Pelee, autl others), aud 1912 (Katmai) on atmospheric temperature, 

 with particular reference to his theory of pleionian variations (E. S. R., 31, p. 

 717), the author concludes that "the dust veil produced by the Krakatou 

 eruption affected atmospheric temperature very greatly. The violent volcanic 

 eruptions of 1902 as well as the Katmai eruption of 1912 influenced the yearly 

 mean temperature but very slightly or not at all. The pleionian variations 

 of temperature have nothing in common with the presence or absence of volcanic 

 dust veils." 



A report on Montana climate, E. Burke and R. M. Pinckney {Montana 

 Sta. Bui 99 U91Jf), pp. 1J,3, pi. 1, figs. 57; [Appcndix'i {WlJf), pp. 67- 

 14s). — This bulletin contains a compilation of observations on temperature and 

 precipitation by the experiment station at Bozeman arid by the U. S. Weather 

 Bureau at 37 other places in the State especially selected because of their 

 geogriiphic location and the length aud completeness of their records. No 

 place having a continuous record of less than ten years is included. 



The more striking features brought out by the meteorological data are 

 briefly summarized and illustrated by means of diagrams. In general Mon- 

 tana climate " clearly shows the characteristics of tempei-ature due both 

 to proximity to the Paciflc Ocean and to its midcontinent situation ; the former 

 most marked in the west, the latter in the east. The influence of the north 

 wind is predominant in winter over the plains region ))ut is limited in the east- 

 mountain district by the protective position of the lesser mountain ranges and 

 combated by the warm winds from the Pacific Ocean, which modify the climate 

 west of the Continental Divide aud even extend their influence across the 

 mountains. 



" The total yearly precipitation of Montana varies from about 22 in. in the 

 western part of the State to about 14 in. in the eastern. The greater precipita- 

 tion is generally at the higher points, the lesser on the lower lands. 



" The direction of this variation indicates that most of the rainfall of the 

 State has its origin in the moisture-laden winds from the Pacific. The eastern 

 part of the State receives less rain than the central and western, but a greater 

 portion falls in the growing season. This fact tends to equalize the crop value 

 of the rain at different points." 



A study of the oldest and most complete records furnishes no evidence that 

 the yearly precipitation is increasing, as many people believe. As regards 

 temperature, it is stated that " the high portion of the State has less extremes 

 of temperature, greater rainfall, and less wind. 



" The lower altitude has greater extremes of temperature, less rainfall, more 

 wind, and a longer growing season free from frost. The rainfall is so small 

 that even though it comes at a favorable time it must be rightly used to secure 

 good crops. This consideration involves selecting proper crops to use the rain 

 at the time it comes and proper means to secure absorption of the water into 

 the soil and to keep it there until it is needed by a useful crop." 



The appendix gives monthly temperature records for 1S9S-3913. 



[Weather observations and notes], M. A. Blakb:, B. D. Halsted, et al. 

 (Ncio Jersey Stas. Rpt. 1913, pp. 174-17S, 611-61/,).— The general weather con- 

 ditions of the season of 1913 at the college farm at Xew Brunswick are de- 

 scribed and data for temperature and precipitation for that year and for a 

 inimber of preceding years are tabulated. 



Meteorology, R. F. Stupart (In Twentieth Century Impressions of Canada. 

 London: Sells, Ltd., 1914, PP- 164-176, fig. 1). — The meteorological and climatic 

 conditions of Canada as a whole and of each of its provinces are summarized. 

 The outstanding fact disclosed is that the climatic conditions are extremely 

 varied but that the continental type of climate largely predominates, only the 



