488 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



coal, wood, and oil bought per family was $173.91, of which $150.75 was for 

 food, $14.79 for coal, $2.63 for wood, and $5.74 for oil. Of the food consumed 

 per family G3 per cent was furnished by the farm, of the groceries 5.6 per cent, 

 of the animal products 83.5 per cent, of the fruits 66.6 per cent, and of the 

 vegetables 78.2 i)er cent. The average annual value of the u.se of the farm- 

 house was found to be $125 per family. 



The author concludes that " the result of the.se studies shows that the 

 farmer's cost of living in actual cash expenditures is very materially reduced 

 by what the farm furnishes in food products, fuel, and house rent; in fact, the 

 income from this source adds as much to the real wealth of many farmers as 

 does the net income from the sale of farm products." 



A large number of tables are included showing the variations in the differ- 

 ent Stales .studied, and details for the various items included under the general 

 classes mentioned above. 



The work of rural organization, T. N. Cakveb {Jour. Polit. Econ., 22 {1914), 

 No. 9, pp. 821-8Jf.i). — The author points out that after an agricultural region 

 has once become settled, with all the land in cultivation and with enough labor 

 employed on it to cultivate it somewhere beyond the point of diminishing re- 

 turns, it must limit its birth rate and keep the population stationary ; increase 

 the intensity of its cultivation, getting continually smaller production per man, 

 though increasing the production per acre: or force its surplus rural population 

 to migrate either to new agricultural regions or to citie.s. He also points out 

 that if prices fall not only must the farmer reduce his yields per acre, but his 

 acreage if he would avoid bankruptcy. 



With the improved methods of farming, a farmer has greater need of capital 

 and, therefore, of credit, but credit should be employed only where it give.'^ the 

 greatest productive advantage. When it comes to the work of growing farm 

 crops as distinct from selling them and buj'ing the raw material, the one- 

 family farm is the most effective unit but to buy or sell effectively the large 

 producer has an advantage, and individual farmers should unite to obtain the 

 same advantage. The principal lines of work along which farmers should 

 organize are the growing of farm products, purchasing farm supplies, securing 

 adequate credit, and improving the means of communication and transportation. 

 To make the farmers' living conditions better an improvement in the education, 

 sanitation, recreation, and beautification in rural districts is necessary. 



Unifying rural community interests, edited by H. Israel {Neic York and 

 London, 191^, pp. 125). — This book contains a series of addresses on the follow- 

 ing subjects: The Department of Agriculture and Country Life and The United 

 States Rural Organization Service, by T. N. Carver; The Point of Emphasis iu 

 the New Rural School Idea, by A. C. Monahan; The Country Church and the 

 Young Men's Christian Association, by G. W. Fiske : and The Place of the 

 Young Men's Christian Association in the New Rural Awakening, by K. L. 

 Butterfield. 



Bibliography of rural sociology {N. H. Col. Agr. and Mech. Arts, Bibliogr. 

 Rural SocioL, 1914, pp. 8). — This pamphlet contains a brief, annotated bibli- 

 ography. 



Proceedings of the seventeenth conference for education in the South 

 (Proc. Coiif. Ed. South. 17 {1914), pp. SSCy, pi. 1. fig. i).— This conference has 

 been noted editorially (B. S. R., 30. p. 60S). 



Syllabus of home-study club studies {Univ. N. C. Rec, No. 121 {1914). PP- 

 43). — This syllabus outlines a method for the home study of conditions within 

 a county by means of a series of questions, and points out how to obtain an- 

 swers to tlio questions Among the topics outlined are natural resources, popu- 



