FIELD CROPS. 529 



the fall methods of tillage with the average of all the siiring methods shows a 

 difference of 4.0 bu. per acre in favor of the latter." 



Two cropping systems are outlined, one adapted to live stock farming and 

 one to grain farming, and a fertilizer experiment is also outlined. 



Average yields of wheat and oats grown with different cultural methods are 

 given. The averages showed that " wheat on fallowed laud stands first with a 

 yield of 21.8 bu. per acre; second, on disked corn ground with a yield of 19.1 

 bu. ; third, on all humus conservation plats with a yield of 18.8 bu ; fourth, 

 where green manure is plowed down with a yield of 18.1 bu. ; fifth, on spring 

 plowed land with a yield of 17.3 bu. ; sixth, on fall plowed land with a yield of 

 lO.G bu. per acre. Comparing the average of the oat yields under the different 

 treatments, we have the oats yielding first on the fallow land with a yield of 

 41.3 bu. per acre ; second, on the green manure plats with a yield of 35.1 bu. ; 

 third, on the disked corn ground with a yield of 34.5 bu. ; fourth, on spring 

 plowed land with a yield of 34.1 bu. ; fifth, on the all-humus conservation plats 

 with a yield of 33.9 bu. ; sixth, on the fall plowing with a yield of 31.4 bu. 

 per acre." 



[Field crops experiments, 1909], E. D. Stewart and J. H. Shepperd (North 

 Dakota Sla., Rpt. Langdon Suhsta. 1909, pp. 1-11). — These pages report variety 

 tests of wheat, oats, and barley, and cultural exjjeriments with clover, flax, 

 millet, peas and oats, and iwtatoes. 



[Field crops experiments, 1910], E. D. Stewart and J. H. Shepperd (North 

 Dakota 8ta., Rpt. Langdon Substa. 1910, pp. 9-19, figs. 2). — These pages report 

 crop rotation trials, variety tests with alfalfa, wheat, oats, and barley, and cul- 

 tural experiments with brome grass, timothj^ millet, corn, peas and oats, Canada 

 peas, flax, rye, emmer. and iX)tatoes. 



As a result of the study of the root system of wheat it is stated that plants 

 that were about 24 in. high had roots to the depth of 4 ft. 4 in., and that 75 

 per cent of the roots reached a depth of 2 ft. or more. 



As a result of experimenting upon depth of plowing, it is stated that " close 

 observation during the entire period of growth failed to show any difference 

 except that there was slightly more straw on the spring plowed, land. Fall 

 plowing 5 to 6 in. deep gave a yield of 4.2 bu. per acre; spring plowing 5 to 6 

 in deep, 3.4 bu. per acre ; and deep fall plowing 12 in. deep, 3.33 bu. per acre. 

 The low yields are the result of the dry season." 



[Field crops experiments, 1911], E. D. Stewart and J. H. Shepperd (North 

 Dakota Sta., Rpt. Langdon Substa. 1911, pp. 9-29, figs. 3). — These pages report 

 cultural tests with clover, alfalfa, corn, vetch, peas, timothy, millet, brome 

 grass, redtop, western rye grass, flax, spring and winter rye, emmer, wheat, 

 oats, and potatoes, and variety tests with alfalfa, com, millet, wheat, oats, 

 barley, and potatoes. Notes are given on a 5-year and C-year crop rotation. 



In regard to soil packing and fallowing for wheat, it is noted that "upon 

 the 5 to G-in. plowing- the ground not packed before seeding gave a yield of 

 1.07 bu. more than the packed ground. Upon the 12-in. plowing the gi'ound 

 packed gave a yield of l.OG bu. more than the unpacked ground. Upon the 

 spring plowing there was an increase of 1 bu. in yield on the packed land. . . . 

 Where fallow ground is free from weeds a better yield can be obtained in this 

 locality by the use of the ordinary peg-tooth harrow than where the ground 

 is disked. Disking seems to loosen the ground more than is necessary to secure 

 a good seed bed." 



Exi)eriments in different depths of plowing for spring wheat showed the 

 yield of grain upon 5 to G-in. fall plowing to be the best and that uiX)n the 

 si)ring plowing 3 to 4-in. was the poorest. On fall plowing to the depth of 12 in. 

 "the straw grew taller and heavier and from the general appearance of the 



