536 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ing jiliases are coiisidorod : The reluliuu uf liueucss of soil division, various kiuds 

 of organic matter, sand, and bench construction to maximum moisture; the rela- 

 tion of age to the watei'-holding capacity of soils ; and the relation of maximum 

 moisture to optimum moisture. In the discussion of soil temperatures, consid- 

 eration is given to the relation of air temperature to soil temperature, the 

 effect of location of heating pipes on soil temi)eratures, the effects of sun, venti- 

 lation, and direction of wind on soil temperatures, and the relation of moisture 

 to soil temperatures. 



The results of greenhouse fumigation with potassium cyanid are reported. 

 Fifteen fumigations were conducted in rose and carnation houses with 98 per 

 cent potassium cyanid, used at the rate of five-eighths of an ounce to 1,000 cu. ft. 

 of greenhouse si^ace. The temperatures inside the rose houses varied from 62 

 to 80° F., inside the carnation houses from 54 to 60° F., and the length of time 

 for each fumigation varied from 16 to 17 minutes. The result in the destruc- 

 tion of aphis in the rose houses were good in all cases but in some Instances 

 slight injury to the foliage resulted. Fumigations at the above noted strength 

 and duration failed to destroy many of the a])his in the carnation houses. Sub- 

 sequent experiments indicated that fumigations for the destruction of green 

 aphis are not likely to prove successful where the temperature of the gi'een- 

 house is 60° F. or below, and where the amount of cyanid used is at the rate 

 of three-fourths of an ounce to 1,000 cu. ft. of space unless the time of fumiga- 

 tion is prolonged to exceed 30 minutes, and even this may not bring success. 



A peculiar form of Injury to carnations was observed after one fumigation. 

 This appeared in the form of a light ring or band upon the calyx. The injury 

 occurred upon small immature buds and also upon buds that were opening. It 

 was so slight, however, that it did not appear to affect the quality of the flower. 

 Observations upon a disease of carnations are noted on page 549. 



In order to control red spider upon American Beauty roses, a spray, consist- 

 ing of a mixture of fish-oil soap and blackleaf 40, was used. This was used at 

 the rate of 130 gm. of fish-oil soap and 3 gal. of water to which was added 1 

 fluid ounce of blackleaf 40 to 300 fluid ounces of water. It was observed that 

 some of the foliage was burned by the application. Subsequent spraying with 

 the fish-oil soap alone caused the same injury, hence it is concluded that the 

 tobacco extract did not cause the damage. 



In view of the considerable damage done by insects and diseases of the apple 

 in the State during the past season, an outline of the spraying treatment applied 

 to the college farm orchard is here given, including the special treatment for the 

 control of green aphis or plant lice upon apples. 



[Report of botanical investigations], B. D. Halsted et al. {Xctv Jersey 

 Stas. Rpt. 1913, pp. 537-588, i)ls. 12). — Inheritance studies of various crosses of 

 sweet, pop, and flint varieties of corn and of peppers (E. S. R., 30, p. 342) 

 were continued in 1913. Starchy and sweet grains from different corn crosses 

 were grown and data are given with reference to the transmission of such 

 characters as length of stalks, number and weight of ears, and color and 

 texture of the grains. Fs grains of Country Gentleman crossed, with Squaw were 

 selected from 10. 12, 14, and 16 rowed ears as well as from zigzag ears. There 

 was some evidence of inheritance of row character to the extent that the 

 greater the number of rows in the parent ear the greater the tendency to pro- 

 duce many-rowed and zigzag ears. The proportion of zigzag ears was greatest 

 when taken from a zigzag parent ear. The 12-rowed ear was dominant in all 

 of the plantings. 



A test was also made of the viability and vigor of starchy and sweet grains 

 selected from the same set of ears. The results show that when the starchy 

 grains are heavier and larger but without any marked difference in specific 



