ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 73 



one-ninth in the boneless meat of the carcass, one-twentieth in the offal (in- 

 cluding blood), and one-four-hundredth in the composite of the jowl, leaf, and 

 intestinal fats. The water-soluble phosphorus makes ui> about seven-tenths of 

 the total phosphorus in the boneless meat of the carcass, two-thirds of that in 

 the offal, one-half of that in the composite of the jowl, leaf, and intestinal fats, 

 one-ninth of that in the entire body, and one-twentieth of that in the skeleton. 

 About nine-tenths of the water-soluble phosphorus in the boneless meat of the 

 carcass, seven-tenths of that in the entire body, seven-eighths of that in the 

 skeleton, and three-fourths of that in the offal is in the inorganic form. 



"During the period of growth from the time pigs are 18 weeks old (51 lbs. 

 live weight) until they are 40 to 43 weeks old (195 lbs. live weight), the per- 

 centage of total phosphorus in the skeleton is increased about one-half, and 

 that in the entire body is increased about three-twentieths. In the boneless 

 meat of the carcass and in the composite of the jowl, leaf, and intestinal fats, 

 the percentage of total phosphorus is decreased about one-half. The percentage 

 increase of the phosphorus is 458 per cent in the skeleton, 330 per cent in the 

 entire body, and 107 per cent in the boneless meat. The phosphorus stored in 

 the body during growth is equal to 23 per cent of the total phosphorus con- 

 sumed during the same period of time." 



A bibliography is appended. 



A study of the forms of nitrogen in growing pigs, with special reference 

 to the influence of the quantity of protein consumed, W. E. Joseph (Illinois 

 Sfa. Bill. 173 (1914), pp. 289-317, pj. 1; ahs:. pp. 3).— Continuing the work 

 reported above, a study was made of the average distribution of forms of nitro- 

 gen in the bodies of five pigs 40 to 43 weeks old. In the boneless meat of the 

 dressed carcass the percentages of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, protein 

 nitrogen, and nonprotein nitrogen, were as follows : 2.018, 0.473, 1.863, and 0.156, 

 respectively; in the bone and marrow 3.676. 0.383, 3.495, and 0.181, respectively; 

 and in the entire body 2.361, 0.562, 2.181, and 0.18, respectively. In the blood 

 there was 3.036 total nitrogen, 2.935 protein nitrogen, and 0.101 nonprotein 

 nitrogen. 



It is concluded that " variations of from 0.32 to 0.94 lb. per 100 lbs. live 

 weight per day in the amounts of protein consumed by growing pigs do not 

 seem to affect the nature of the nitrogenous material produced during growth. 

 While it is possible that, within narrow limits, slight variations may result 

 from differences in the amounts of protein consumed, it seems much more prob- 

 able that variations in the composition of the nitrogenous constituents are due 

 to causes inherent in the animal itself which normally are independent of the 

 character of the feed consumed. Apparently, under given experimental condi- 

 tions, the only way in which the influence of these individual variations may be 

 reduced is in selecting the experimental animals carefully and including a con- 

 siderable number of animals in each group. When the supply of protein is de- 

 ficient either quantitatively or qualitatively, it seems that only the amount of 

 the body protein is affected, while the character of the proteins formed in the 

 various tissues remains unchanged." 



A study in annual egg production based on the records of a flock of seven- 

 year-old hens and their progeny, E. D. Ball, G. Turpin, and B. Alder ( Utah 

 8ta. Bui. 135 {191.',), pp. 3-U, figs. 3).— In this study, based upon nearly 1,500 

 records of six flocks of single-comb White Leghorn hens, ranging in age from 

 seven years to one year and of common ancestry, practically unselected as to 

 egg production but severely selected for vigor, the following results were 

 obtained : 



The average productive life of this strain of fowls appears at the present 

 time to be about four years. The average first j'ear production of all flocks 

 73227°— No. 1—15 6 



