HOKIICULTUKE. 437 



are given spocial tioatmont, as are also many related subjects iiioliuling tbc 

 more iuijiortant plant diseases, orcliard costs and management, transportation 

 costs, varieties, hybridization, plant pbysiologj^ evaporation of fruits, canning;, 

 preservinj;, preparation of fruits and vegetables for the table, equiimient of the 

 farm home, etc. Descriptions of the various fruit districts of the United States 

 and their peculiar adaptations are given, together with the latest statistics of 

 the industry for each district and for the whole country. Soil and climatic 

 conditions are treated, as well as frost data with approximate dates to provide 

 for and means and cost of prevention. The number of subjects enumerated 

 is over 4.500. The work is illustrated by several hundred illustrations. Bibli- 

 ogi'aphies on all phases of horticulture have been included, and an alphabetical 

 index has been jn-epared and appended to the last volume. 



Although the encyclopedia was prepared in the Northwest and deals more 

 at length with practices of that region, the editors have been assisted by well- 

 known scientific and practical horticulturists throughout the United States 

 and Canada with a view to making the work of general application. 



Horticulture in New Zealand, W. H. Taylor {Jour. Agr. [Hew Zeal.], 9 

 {191 -i). No. 6, pp. Ji57-461, fig. 1). — ^The pre.sent status of horticulture in New 

 Zealand is briefly considered. 



Studies on the rest period of woody plants, L. von Poetiieui and O. KiJiiN 

 {Ostcrr. Bot. Ztsvhv., 64 {19U), No. 9-10, pp. J,10-.',20, figs. //).— The authors 

 conducted a series of experiments in which different methods of shortening the 

 rest period of plants were tried in combination. The plant material consisted 

 of branches about 16 in. long of such plants as weeping birch, European beech, 

 white poiilar, willow, Persian lilac, black alder, and European hornbeam. 



Molisch's warm bath process (E. S. R., 20, p. 640) was tested in combination 

 with 12-hour periods of freezing, both before the bath and after the bath. The 

 results in general indicate that when the forcing is conducted early in the rest 

 period, freezing before the bath is superior to the bath alone in shortening the 

 rest period, but, as Molisch found for the effect of the warm bath itself, the 

 additional effect of freezing diminishes as the winter rest period progresses. 

 Freezing alone was less effective than the warm bath alone. 



The wounding method employed by Weber (E. S. R., 25, p. 642) was also 

 tested in combination with the warm bath. Piercing the base of the buds 

 previous to the warm bath proved superior to either the warm bath alone or 

 wounding alone in shortening the rest period. Wounding alone was less effective 

 than the warm bath alone. 



Removing the outer bud scales in the case of the Persian lilac and the 

 European beech was quite effective in shortening the rest period and proved to 

 be superior to merelj' piercing the base of the buds. The authors are of the 

 opinion that the beneficial influence obtained by removing the bud scales is due 

 to a readjustment of pressure conditions in the buds. With reference to the 

 selection of material for forcing pun)oses it was found that long branches 

 usually forced out earlier and quicker than short branches. 



A bibliography of cited literature is included. 



[Horticultural work at the Canadian experiment stations and farms], 

 AV. T. Macoun, F. T. Shutt, et al. {Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1913, pp. 259- 

 265, 286-S03, 801,-310, 313-316, 317-335, 338-31,6, 31,8-360, 362-36/,, 365-369, 

 373-379, 381-390, 392-1,01, .',01-1,10, pis. 7).— This is the customary progress 

 report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1913, on breeding, cultural, and 

 variety experiments with fruits, vegetables, ornamental trees and shrubs, etc., 

 being conducted at the Central Farm. Ottawa, and the various branch experi- 

 ment stations and farms in Canada (E. S. R., 29, p. 235). 



