592 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



" Under general conditions about 1 lb. of ice will be required to cool and keep 



I lb. of cream in good condition until delivered to tbe creamery wben deliverias 

 are made three times a week. When storing ice about 50 per cent more should 

 be packed than is actually needed. This amount allows for a heavy shrinkage 

 and for household uses. The dairy farmer should provide annually ^ to 1 

 ton of ice per cow for cooling cream only and I A to 2 tons per cow if whole 

 milk is cooled, depending upon the locality and other factors. If a cake of ire 

 is kept floating in the w'ater surrounding the cream cans when the ordinary 

 cooling cans are used, the temi:)erature will remain at about 40° F. Good ice- 

 wator tanks can usually be constructed for from $5 to $20." 



Ventilation of farm building's, J. H. Gbisdale and E. S. Archibald (Canada 

 Expt. Farms Bui. 78 (WU), pp. 32, figs. 2.3).— This bulletin deals with the 

 ventilation of cow and horse barns and piggeries and reports comparative studies 

 t)f several systems of ventilation, including the Rutherford and King systems. 



For the horse and cow barns it is stated that tbe Rutherford system has 

 proved much superior to any other tried, while for piggeries the Rutherford 

 and the modified Rutherford systems were both found to be uniformly satis- 

 factory. The essential features of the systems recommended are described and 

 diagrammatically illustrated. 



Cooling- two rooms in a country residence, A. M. Feldman {Heating and 

 Ycntilaimg Mag., 11 (1914)' No. 3, pp. 33, 3Ji, figs. 2). — Two rooms in a country 

 residence were cooled by installing a cork-insulated box in the attic imme- 

 diately above the rooms. The top of the box was connected with a short duct 

 to the roof for taking in fresh air and the bottom was connected to tbe ceiling 

 registers of tbe two rooms. Fresh air enters the top of the box, is cooled by 

 coils from a small refrigerating plant for the pantry and kitchen, and drops 

 by gravity through the registers to the floor of the rooms. 



EURAL ECONOMICS. 



A rural survey in southwestern Ohio, P. L. A'ogt (Miama [Ohio] Univ. BuL, 



II ser.. No. 8 (1913). pp. 93, figs. 11). — According to the author, among the 

 jnincipal problems awaiting solution in the areas studied are the decrease in 

 church membership, especially among young persons, a nonresident ministry, 

 a lack of organized rural recreation, inadequate rural school equipment and 

 teaching force, and the breaking up of the homogeneity of rural population 

 through the growth of tenantry, increase of foreign iwpulation, and change in 

 type of farm labor. Among the constructive tendencies noted were the gradual 

 increase in rural culture and in interest in the problems of rural life and co- 

 operative enterprises. The author suggests, as some of the changes to be 

 Itrought about, the reorganization of the church and rural school system, the 

 encouragement of farm organizations, the development of pride in rural life 

 and institutions, and the provision for social and recreational life of the rural 

 conmiunities. 



The Minnesota Crop Improvement Association (Ann. Rpts. Minn. Crop. 

 Improv. Assoc, 8-11 (1911-191^), PP- 91. figs. 14)- — This report contains ab- 

 stracts from addresses made before the association, and relates principally to 

 the effects of seed selection upon profitableness of farming and to the various 

 agencies tending toward the improvement of rural conditions. 



Practical community studies (Bttl. Univ. Ga., No. 228 (1914), pp. 4-i)- — 

 This outline contains a limited syllabus of educational and social topics planned 

 for elementary and preliminary studies in specific localites. The subjects are 

 divided into those primarily urban and rural and those relating to general 

 social problems and to sociological theory. 



