FORESTRY. 541 



cent of the orchards were in sod, 8 per cent in sod mulch ; 12.6 per cent was 

 manured; and 11 per cent was partially tilled. The orchards return an average 

 annual net profit per acre as follows: Sod, $86.50; sod and manure, $140.83; 

 sod mulch and partial tillage. $115. Orchards which were pruned annually 

 yielded a much greater net profit than those pruned less frequently or not at 

 all. The practice of spraying was not general in the county but the net re- 

 turns from the orchards Avhich were sprayed were greater than those from 

 unsprayed orchards. 



The most important diseases found were apple blight, blister canker, and 

 apple blotch, and the more important insects were the codling moth and the 

 apple and plum curculios. 



Harvesting costs averaged for piclcing. 6 cts. per bushel; packing, 16 to 25 

 cts. per barrel ; and hauling 2.2 cts. per barrel per mile. Of the orchards visited 

 76.5 per cent were operated by owners and 23.5 per cent by tenants. The aver- 

 age size of the farm was 102 acres and of the orchard 17 acres. Seventy per 

 cent of the orchard men were of the opinion that the orchard was more profit- 

 able than other farm crops. 



Experiments with fertilizers on cranberries, J. H. Voorhees {tiew Jersey 

 Stas. Rpt. 1913, pp. 384-3S8). — Outlines are given of some cooperative fertilizer 

 experiments which have been started on a number of cranberry bogs in New 

 Jersey. The work thus far outlined includes the application of single elements 

 derived from different sources as well as a number of complete mixtures. 



Strawberry growing, C. T. Ames (Mississippi Sta. Bui. 165 (1914), pp. 21-23, 

 fig. 1). — Data are given on costs, yields, and returns from a five-acre strawberry 

 field for the years 1908 to 1913, inclusive, together with brief notes on the 

 culture of strawberries in the latitude of the Holly Springs substation. 



During the first four years a net average of $84.85 per acre was secured from 

 the 5-acre field. The net returns for the last two seasons was $30.63, or an 

 average of $66.80 per acre for the six years. 



Citrus orchard heating-, A. M. McOmie (Arizona Sta. Rpt. 1913, p. 250). — ^A 

 brief statement of results secured in protecting citrus groves from frost 

 injury. 



The data collected at the station farm, where one coal pot to every tree 

 was used during the cold periods of December 22 and 23, 1912, and January 

 5. 6, and 7. 1913, indicate that when temperatures lower than 23° F. are reached 

 little benefit results from their use. At the same time two vigorous yearling 

 Mediterranean Sweet trees were only slightly injured when exposed to a 

 temperature of 11° F. on January 7, 1913, while an adjacent weak ti-ee of 

 the same variety was killed to the ground. This test suggests that it may 

 be possible to develop the citrus industry in Salt River Valley by a careful 

 selection of hardy varieties and the maintenance of high individual tree vigor. 



The planting- and care of shade trees, F. E. Buck (Canada Expt. Farms Bui. 

 19, 2. ser.. (191 Jf), pp. 24, figs. 7). — ^This bulletin contains practical directions 

 and advice in the selection of shade trees, their planting, transplanting, and 

 subsequent treatment and care, with notes on the principal injuries and un- 

 favorable conditions to which shade trees are subjected, especially in towns 

 and cities. Lists of varieties suitable for street and home planting in Canada 

 are also given. 



FORESTRY. 



Forest planting in the eastern United States, C. R. Tili.otson ( U. S. Dept. 

 Agr. But. 153 (1915), pp. 38, pis. 7, fig. 1).—K treatise on the establishment of 

 forest plantations in the eastern United States, discussing the propagation of 

 nursery stock, methods of planting, including costs and merits of the different 



