ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 549 



of the disease, whicli is expected to appear sooner or later on every estate of 

 cnltivated coffee in Uganda. 



Diseases and pests of Hevea in the Federated Malay States, A. A. Lu 

 Rutgers (Dept. Landb., Nijv. en Handel [Dutch East Indies'^, Meded. Afdeel. 

 Plantcnzivkicn, Xo. Jf (1913), pp. 8-16). — Tliis is mainly a discnssion of ITevea 

 as affected by canker in relation to weather, particularly rainfall ; spacing In 

 planting, also interplanting with other growths; pruning; and employment of 

 water in connection with tapping operations. 



Fomcs scntitostits, the cause of a root mold, is also briefly discussed. 



Observations upon a disease of carnations, M. A. Blake (New Jersey Stas. 

 Rpt. 1913, pp. 168-170, fig. 1). — The author reports having noted at different 

 times a disease of carnations in which there was a red spotting of tlie leaves of 

 red varieties and of some dark pink varieties. The light pink, white, or yellow 

 varieties may be affected by the spots, but less commonly and tlie spots are more 

 translucent. The injured leaves on all varieties gradually turn brown, giving 

 the plants a sickly and dying appearance. 



Various theories have been advanced as to the cause of this trouble. The 

 author states that experiments have shown that considerable injury often fol- 

 lows the setting of carnation plants in soil that does not dry freely. Excess of 

 moisture does not appear to be one of the important factors in the matter, but 

 it seems to be a soil condition. It is thought that if proi^r cultural conditions 

 are maintained the amount of injury may be I'educed. Cuttings from diseased 

 plants have been propagated without showing any sign of the disease. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Animal communities in temperate America as illustrated in the Chicago 

 region. — A study in animal ecology, V. E. Shelford (Geogr. Soc. Chicago Bui. 

 5 (1913), pp. XIII-\-362, pi. 1, figs. 315). — The author defines ecology at present 

 as " that branch of general physiology which deals with the organism as a 

 whole, with its general life proceses, as distinguished from the more special 

 physiology of organs, and which also considers the organism with particular 

 reference to its usual environment." 



The several, chapters of this work deal with the subject under the headings 

 of man and animals; the animal organism and its environmental relations; the 

 animal environment, its general nature and its character in the area of study ; 

 conditions of existence of aquatic animals; animal communities of large lakes 

 (Lake Michigan), streams, small lakes, and ponds; conditions of existence of 

 land animals; animal communities of the tension lines between land and water, 

 of swamp and flood plain forests, of dry and mesophytic forests, and of thickets 

 and forest margins; and prairie animal communities. 



A bibliography of 214 titles and author and subject indexes are included. 



Preliminary report on the mammals of North Dakota, V. Bailey, W. B. 

 Bell, and M. A. Brannon (North Dakota Sta. Circ. 3 (1914), PP- 20).— Follow- 

 ing a brief discussion of life and crop zones, habits of animals, and prepara- 

 tion and care of si)ecimens, the authors present brief accounts of some SO sjiecies 

 of mammals known to occur in North Dakota. 



Studies in the comparative size of the red blood corpuscles of birds, Chi 

 TSAU Wang (Jour. Ent. and ZooL, 6 (191.'/), No. Jf. p. 22i).— Studies of the 

 erythrocytes of 17 species are reported upon. 



Entomology, A. W. Morrill (Arizona Sta. Rpt. 1913, pp. 270. 277).— Par- 

 ticular attention is said to have been given the harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex 

 harbata) and the alfalfa seed chalcis fly (Bruchophagus funebris). Through 



