FOODS — HUMAN NUTRITION. 765 



expired air wus iucreasetl by a warm bath and decreased by a cold bath. These 

 experlnjents tend to show that the quantity of water in expired air is regulated 

 by the vaso-motor nerve system. 



Energy metabolism under conditions of muscular activity. — I, Walking 

 experiments on a horizontal plane, E. Bkkzina and 11. Reiciiel (Biochem. 

 Zt.schr., 63 (19l4), No. 2-^i, pp. 170-lS.i, flys. .7).— Results are reported of ex- 

 periments in which was studied the effect upon the total enerjry metabolism of 

 varying the load carried and the rate of walliinp on a horizontal plane. A 

 mathematical discussion of the results is also given and mathematical exi)res- 

 sious formulated which express the relationship between the rate of walking 

 and the weight of the load upon metabolism. 



Energ-y metabolism during marching. — II, Walking experiment with an 

 inclined plane, E. Brezina and W. Kolmeb {Biochem. Zischr., 65 {1914), ^o. 

 1-2, pp. jn-.l'f. fig. 1). — Continuing previous work (E. S. R., 2C. p. 872), the 

 authors report the results of a large number of treadmill experiments in which 

 the respiratory observations were made by means of a modified respiration 

 apiniratus. By varying the angle of inclination and the actual amount of work 

 done, an attempt was made to determine the relationship between total work, in 

 terms of calories, and the respiratory quotient. A gradual increase in the 

 respiratory quotient was found to coincide with the increase in calories. 



Energy metabolism in marching. — III, The laws of walking up an inclined 

 plane, PI Buezina and H. Reichel {Biochem. Ztschr., 65 {1914), No. 1-2. pp. 

 S5-70, figs. 8). — From the experimental data pi'esented in the above article, a 

 mathematical expression is derive<l for determining the total work done per 

 meter of distance covered and jier kilogram of body weight. 



Studies of the blood after muscular work, O. Cohnheim {Zenthl. Physiol., 

 28 {1914), No. 12, p. 7.^7). — After hill climbing and cycling the hemoglobin con- 

 tent of the blood decreased while the serum concentration increased. Perspira- 

 tion alone without muscular work led to a higher hemoglobin and serum con- 

 centration. 



On the action of temperature and humidity on the organism, F. S. Lee 

 and E. L. Scott {Proc. Soc. E.rpt. Biol, mid Med.. 12 {1914t. Xo. 1. pp. 10-12).— 

 Experiments are reported in which laboratory animals (cats) were confined in 

 a chamber and suiiplied with moving air at vai'ious temperatures and conditions 

 of humidity. 



" Under the influence of the high temperature and the high humidity the total 

 amount of work which the muscles are capable of doing before exhaustion sets 

 in is markedly diminished ; and the total period of working power is shortened, 

 except in the case of the diaphragm. 



. " The observations show that the bo<lily temperature of the animals rises in 

 the atmosphere of high temperature and high humidity." 



The qualitative relation between temperature and standard metabolism 

 in animals, A. Krogh ilniernai. Zischr. Phijs. Chciii. Biol., 1 {1914), No. 5-6, 

 pp. 491-508, figs. 5). — Experiments were carried out with laboratory animals 

 (frogs and dogs) Jn which the oxygen consumption was used as an index of 

 metabolism. Experimental technique and apparatus used ai'e described in de- 

 tail and extended experimental data are reported, which may be briefly sum- 

 marized, in part, as follows: 



In studying the effec-t of tenii>erature ujwn metabolism a distinction must 

 be made between the influence upon the central nervous system and the influ- 

 ence upon the reaction velocity of the metabolic processes in the tissues them- 

 selves. According to the author, when animals are studied imder standard 

 conditions — all nervous influences being abolished — the influence of temperature 



