DAIRY FAHMIXii — DAIRYING. 773 



It is concluded that " heredity swiiis ruled out as a cause of crooked breast, 

 for all the chickens apiK'ared perft'ctly normal when 10 weeks old, even though 

 they were bred from stock selecte<l with crooked breasts for three consecutive* 

 seasons." The results indicate that " perchinc is the chief, and pnHbably the 

 sole cause of crooked breast, and it seems to matter little whether the perches 

 are round or square, larsre or small." 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



The production and consumption of dairy products, E. Merritt ( U. 8. 

 Dcpt. Agr. Bui. Ill {lUt.J), pii. l!h. — This bulletin outlines the changes in the 

 geographic distribution of the dairy industry since 1S70 and gives information 

 concerning the consumption of dairy products on farms and in cities. 



Census data are pre.sented which show that the number of dairy cows in- 

 creased from 0.(KK),000 in INTO to nearly 21.0(X),(HX) in 1910. The total butter 

 production increased from r)14.00(>,(XH) lbs. in 1870 to 1.620,000,000 lbs. in 1910; 

 chee.se production from l(;:l.(»(i<).(KM) to :^.21 ,000.000 lbs. When geographic divi- 

 sions are considered individually the increase for those east of the Mississippi 

 Kiver has not been so rapid as the increase for those west of that river, due pri- 

 nnirily to the undeveloped condition of the West prior to 1870. 



The number of cows per 1.000 population was 224.3 in 1910 and 225.5 in 1900 : 

 the average production of butter per capita was 17.6 lbs., which was a decrease 

 of 2 lbs. as compared with the production in 1900; the average production of 

 cheese per capita was 3.5 lbs., which was 0.4 lb. less than the production in 

 1900. In butter production the greatest per capita output is in the North Cen- 

 tral divisions followed by the Pacific division. The greatest per capita cheese 

 production is in the P^ast North Central division followed by the Middle At- 

 lantic and Pacific divisions. 



From replies to inquiries sent out to cro]) correspondents, it is estimated 

 that the avei'age person in a farm household consumes about J qt. of milk 

 per day. or a total yearly consumption of nearly 8,000,000,000 qts. for all farms 

 reporting dairy cows. The daily butter consumption is At lb. per person, 

 and the total yearly consumption of farm families nearly 900.000,0(X) lbs. 



The average number of quarts of milk required to make a pound of butter is 

 estimated to be 9.0. varying from 8.1 to 10.7. 



From replies furnished by boards of health it is estimated that the average 

 Iier capita milk consumption in cities of 2,5(X) inhabitants or over is 112 qts. i>er 

 year, and was slightly higher in cities of 25.000 inhabitants or over than in 

 smaller cities. There was apparently less variation in milk consumption by 

 months in the large cities than in the smaller ones. The fluctuations were 

 generally less than 10 per cent. 



International Union of Municipal Dairies (Mollc. Ztg. [HikleshGim], 28 

 (lUl.'i). Xo. Ji9. pp. O'/l, 9.'t2). — An account of the first general meeting of the 

 recently founded International Union of ^Municipal Dairies held in conjunction 

 with the Sixth International Dairy Congress at Berne, June. 1914. Stockholm 

 was selected by the meeting as the headquarters of the Union, which has for 

 its object the general advancement of municipal dairying and the advising of its 

 members as to methods of improving their business. 



Value of vetch hay for milk and beef production, T. AVibberley (Jour. Bd. 

 Agr. [London'], 21 {191-',), No. 8. pp. 101. 70S).— It is reported that for winter 

 milk production, a daily i-ation consisting of 14 lbs. oat and vetch hay. 14 

 lbs. meadow hay. and from 70 to 84 lbs. gi.ant rai)e or hardy greens was 

 equal to 21 lbs. meadow hay. 56 lbs. roots. 3 lbs. corn meal, and 3 lbs. de- 



