ECONOMIC ZOOLOGV— ENTOMOLOGY. 755 



jurious to the trees and should he applied with great care and only after con- 

 siderable experimentation. 



How to collect and preserve insects, F. E. Lurz (Atiier. .U//,s\ Xat. Ilixt. 

 Guide Lc((flct J!) (/.''/'/). pp. 21. pn-H. hi). — This paiier furnishes information for 

 those interested in the collection and preservation of insects. 



Insects injurious to forests and forest products. — Biology of the termites 

 of the eastern United States, with pi-eveutive and remedial measures, T. E. 

 Snyukb (U. ii. Dvpt. Ayr., Bur. Ent. Bui. il-i, pt. 2 (hno), pp. V-\-13-85, pin, 

 15, figs. 11). — This account is based largely upon investigations conducted by 

 the author during 1910 and 1911 as to the character and extent of damage to 

 teleiJhoue and telegraph poles and mine props by wood-boring insects as de- 

 scribed in Part 1 (E. S. R., 25, p. 51), together with additional experiments 

 conducted during the past three years. 



Termites, commonly known as white ants, are among the most destructive 

 insects of North America to both crude and finishe<l forest products. The 

 species considered in this pai)er are Leucotenncs flavipcs and L. virginicus, 

 the former widely distributed over the United States, while the recorded dis- 

 tribution of the latter is more limited. 



The subject is dealt with under the headings of history, biological experiments, 

 communal organization, the different castes — polyniorj)hism, the life cycle, 

 cannibalism, situation of the different forms in the nest, the swarm or so-called 

 nuptial tiight, the establishment of new colonies, the royal pair and other 

 reproductive fornis, dates of the swarming of I.eucotermes, association with 

 ants, termitophilous insects, parasites, summary and conclusions based on the 

 results of the experiments, the damage to forest products, preventives, remedies, 

 and "innnune" woods, and method of obtaining i)hotographs for the illustra- 

 tions. 



A bibliography is included. 



" Thrips " in orchards. — A warning to fruit growers, W. B. Gurney (Agr. 

 Oil-. X. >S. Wales, 2o {V.)U), No. 8, pp. 685-687).— In 1913 thrips destroyed a 

 large percentage of the apple crop, and also attacked pear and other blossoms, 

 causing very heavy loss to many growers. This outbreak is thought to have 

 been the worst to take place for many years. The early flowering forms are 

 said to escape very much damage, the late blossoming apples being those chiefly 

 injured. ThripH tubaci is thought to be the siiecies concerned. 



Diaspis pentagona and Prospaltella berlesei in the Province of Venice at 

 the end of 1913, A. Bkrlese (Redia, 9 {l'J13), No. 2, pp. 235-283, figs. 20).— 

 This pai)er reviews at some length the progress made up to the end of 1913 

 in the control of the mulberry or West Indian peach scale (Aulacaspis penta- 

 gona) by P. berlesei. A previous account of the benefits resulting from the 

 work of this parasite has been noted (E. S. R., 29, p. 854). 



Aphids on grain and cantaloups, C. AV. Wood worth (California St a. Circ. 

 125 {1915), pp. It, fig. 1). — A popular account of the oat and cotton aphids 

 (Aphis avemc and A. gossypii). 



Two clover aphids, Edith M. Patch (U. S. Depl. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 

 3 (1915), No. 5, pp. Jt31-Jf33, figs. 3).— This paper discusses the long-beaked 

 clover aphid (Aphis brevis) and the short-beaked clover aphid (A. bakeri), 

 which have been rather generally confused in collections under the latter name. 

 The range of both species extends nearly all, if not quite, across the continent. 



A. brevis leaves the hawthorn, the leaves of which it causes to curl, during 



June and early July and returns late in the season before producing the sexual 



generation. Fall migrants were taken on cultivated plum (Prunus spp.) by the 



author, but no spring collections have as yet been made from that host. Ap- 



936S1°— No. 8—15 5 



